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Audi Filia (Hear, O Daughter)/Book 1 · Libro espiritual sobre el verso «Audi, filia, et vide»
Chapter 12AudiFilia.1.12

Capítulo 12. Que suele Dios castigar a los soberbios con permitir que pierdan la joya de la castidad, para humillarlos; y de cuánto conviene ser humildes para vencer aqueste enemigo.

The Hidden Danger of Pride

God may permit the loss of chastity as a just punishment for other hidden sins, warning us against false security.

There have also been others who have lost this jewel of chastity because God punished them with just judgment, handing them over—as Saint Paul says—to the impure desires of their hearts as into the hands of cruel executioners, punishing some of their sins with other sins; not that He incites them to sin, for it is utterly foreign to the supreme Good to be the cause of anyone's sinning, but rather by withdrawing His help from the person because of that person's own sins—which is the work of a just Judge; and if just, then good. And so Scripture says: A deep well is the wicked woman, and a narrow pit is the woman who belongs to another; the one with whom God is angry will fall into it.1 So let no one feel secure merely because they do not offend God in matters of chastity, if they offend Him in other things, since He often lets a person fall into what they neither used to fall into nor would want to, as punishment for falling into other things they should not have.

The Beastly Nature of Self-Reliance

Using the example of Nebuchadnezzar, the author illustrates how pride leads to a loss of human dignity and the necessity of humility to recover grace.

While this is true of sins in general—since God is angered by them all and often punishes them—it is even more specific, as Saint Augustine says, that "God often punishes secret pride with open lust." This is illustrated by Nebuchadnezzar, who, as punishment for his pride, lost his kingdom, was cast out from human society, was given a beast's heart, and lived among the beasts—not because he lost his human nature, but because it seemed to him that he no longer had it.2 He remained that way until God gave him the knowledge and humility to recognize and confess that exaltation and kingship belong to God, and that He gives them to whomever He wills. Indeed, that is how it goes: the man who attributes the building of chastity to the strength of his own arm is cast by God out from among His own; and once he has left that company—which was like the company of angels—he dwells among beasts, with a heart so beastly as if he had never loved God, never known what chastity was, and as if there were no hell, no glory, no reason, and no shame—so much so that they themselves are horrified by what they do, and it seems to them they have neither the judgment nor the strength of men, but are wholly surrendered to this bestial vice, like beasts, until the Lord's mercy takes pity on so great a misery and makes the one who has fallen this way know that he fell through his pride, and that by humility he must rise again and recover.3 Then he confesses that the kingdom of chastity, by which he reigned over his body, is a gift of God, who by his grace gives it and, because of a person's sins, takes it away.

The Mercy Found in Falling

While a fall into sin is painful, it serves as a necessary remedy to reveal the deeper, more dangerous secret pride of the heart.

This evil of pride is so hard to recognize—and for that reason so much to be feared—that sometimes a person has it buried so deep in the secret of their heart that they don't even realize it themselves. Saint Peter is a witness to this, and many others, who, being pleased with themselves and confident in themselves, thought they stood that way with God; and God, with his infinite wisdom, sees their disease, and with his mercy joined to his justice heals and cures them by making them understand—though at their own cost—that they were wrongly pleased with themselves and wrongly confident in themselves, since they find themselves so miserably fallen.4 And though the fall is costly, it is not as dangerous as the secret evil of pride they were in; because if they didn't understand it, they wouldn't seek a remedy for it, and so they would be lost; and when they understand their evil through the fall, and are humbled before God's mercy, they obtain a remedy from Him for both evils.5 For this reason, Saint Augustine said that "God punishes secret pride with open lust," because the second evil is plain to the one who commits it, and by that means they come to understand the other evil they had been keeping secret.

The Judgment of the Proud

God severely punishes those who despise their neighbors, often causing them to fall into the very sins they once judged in others.

And you should know that these proud people are sometimes proud only toward themselves, and at other times by despising their neighbors when they see them lacking in virtue, and especially in chastity. But, O Lord, how truly you will look on this offense with angry eyes! And how unwelcome to You is the thanks the Pharisee used to give, saying: 'I am not bad like other men, nor an adulterer, nor a robber, as that tax collector standing there is.'6 You don't leave it unpunished, Lord; You punish it, and very severely, by letting the one who stood firm fall as the penalty for his sin, and by raising the fallen one to make amends for the wrong done to him.7 It is Your sentence, and You keep it very well: 'Do not condemn, and you will not be condemned.' And: 'With the same measure you use, you will be measured; and whoever exalts himself will be brought low.' And You commanded that it be said on Your behalf to the one who despises his neighbor: 'Woe to you who despise, for you will be despised!' Oh, how many my eyes have seen punished by this sentence—people who had never understood how much God hates this sin until they found themselves fallen into what they had judged in others, and even into worse things! "In three things," said an old man of former times, "I judged my neighbors, and in all three I have fallen."

Compassion and the Common Mass

The faithful are called to humility and compassion, recognizing their shared frailty and the danger of becoming like a serpent that draws evil from everything.

If you are chaste, thank God for the mercy He shows you, live with fear and trembling so you don't fall, and help lift up those who have fallen—showing them pity rather than contempt. Remember that you and the one who has fallen are made of the same substance, and that when another falls, you fall as well, as far as it depends on you.8 As Saint Augustine says: "There is no sin one man commits that another man would not also commit, if the Maker of man did not govern him." Let him draw good from another's evil by humbling himself when he sees the other fall; let him draw good from another's good by rejoicing in his neighbor's good. Don't be like a venomous serpent that draws evil from everything: pride from the falls of others, and envy of the goods of others.9 Such people will not go without God's punishment: He will let them fall into what others fell into, and He will not give them the good of which they were envious.10

Read the original Latin

Otros ha habido que han perdido esta joya de la castidad por vía de castigarles Dios con justo juicio, en entregarlos, como dice San Pablo, en los deseos deshonestos de su corazón como en manos de crueles sayones, castigando en ellos unos pecados con otros pecados; no incitándolos Él a pecar, porque del sumo Bien muy extraño es ser causa que nadie peque; mas apartando su socorro del hombre por pecados del mismo hombre, la cual es obra de justo Juez; y si justo, bueno. Y así dice la Escritura: Pozo hondo es la mala mujer, y poso estrecho la mujer ajena; aquel caerá en él con quien Dios estuviere enojado. No se asegure, pues, nadie con que no da enojos a Dios cerca de la castidad, si los da en otras cosas, pues que suele dejar caer en lo que el hombre no caía ni querría, en castigo de caer en otras cosas que no debía.

Y aunque esto sea general en todos los pecados, pues por todos se enoja Dios, y por todos suele castigar, mas particularmente, como dice San Agustín, «suele castigar Dios la secreta soberbia con manifiesta lujuria». Y así se figura en Nabucodonosor, que en castigo de su soberbia, perdió su reino, y fue alanzado de la conversación de los hombres, y le fue dado corazón de bestia, y conversó entre las bestias, no porque perdiese la naturaleza de hombre, sino porque le parecía a él que no lo era. Y así estuvo hasta que le dio Dios conocimiento y humildad con que conociese y confesase que la alteza y reino es de Dios, y que lo da Él a quien quiere. Cierto, así pasa, que el hombre que atribuye a la fortaleza de su brazo el edificio de la castidad, lo echa Dios de entre los suyos, y salido de tal compañía, que era como de Ángeles, mora entre bestias, con corazón tan bestial como si no hubiera amado a Dios, ni sabido qué era castidad, ni hubiese infierno, ni gloria, ni razón, ni vergüenza, tanto que ellos mismos se espantan de lo que hacen, y les parece no tener juicio ni fuerzas de hombres, sino del todo rendidos a este vicio bestial, como bestias, hasta que la misericordia del Señor se adolece de tanta miseria, y da a conocer al que de esta manera ha caído que por su soberbia cayó, y por medio de humildad se ha de levantar y cobrar. Y entonces confiesa que el reino de la castidad, por el cual reinaba sobre su cuerpo, es dádiva de Dios, que por su gracia la da y por pecados del hombre la quita.

Y este mal de soberbia es tan malo de conocer—y por eso mucho de temer—, que algunas veces lo tiene el hombre metido tan en lo secreto de su corazón que él mismo no lo entiende. Testigo es de esto San Pedro, y otros muchos, que estando agradados y confiados de sí, pensaban que lo estaban de Dios; el cual, con su infinita sabiduría, ve la enfermedad de ellos, y con su misericordia, junta con su justicia, los cura y sana, con darles a entender, aunque a costa suya, que estaban mal agradados y mal confiados de sí mismos, pues se ven tan miserablemente caídos. Y aunque la caída es costosa, no es tan peligrosa como el secreto mal de soberbia en que estaban; porque no le entendiendo, no le buscaran remedio, y así se perdieran; y entendiendo su mal con la caída, y humillados delante la misericordia de Dios, alcanzan remedio de Él para entrambos males. Y por esto dijo San Agustín que «castiga Dios la secreta soberbia con manifiesta lujuria», porque el segundo mal es manifiesto a quien lo comete, y por allí viene a entender el otro mal que secreto tenía.

Y habéis de saber que estos soberbios unas veces lo son para consigo solos, y otras, despreciando a los prójimos por verlos faltos en la virtud y especialmente en la castidad. Mas, ¡ oh Señor, y cuan de verdad mirarás con ojos airados aqueste delito! ¡Y cuan desgraciadas te son las gracias que el fariseo te daba, diciendo: No soy malo como los otros hombres, ni adúltero, ni robador, como lo es aquel arrendador que allí está. No lo dejas, Señor, sin castigo; castígaslo, y muy reciamente, con dejar caer al que estaba en pie, en pena de su pecado, y levantas al caído por satisfacerle su agravio. Sentencia tuya es, y muy bien la guardas: No queráis condenar, y no seréis condenados. Y: Con la misma medida que midiereis seréis medidos; y quien se ensalzare será abajado. Y mandaste decir de tu parte al que desprecia a su prójimo: ¡Ay de ti que desprecias, porque serás despreciado! ¡Oh, cuántos han visto mis ojos castigados con esta sentencia, que nunca habían entendido cuánto aborrece Dios aqueste pecado, hasta que se vieron caídos en lo que de otros juzgaron, y aun en cosas peores!

«En tres cosas—dijo un viejo de los pasados—juzgué a mis prójimos, y en todas tres he caído.»

Agradezca a Dios el que es casto la merced que le hace, y viva con temor y temblor por no caer él, y ayude a levantar al caído, compadeciéndose de él y no despreciándolo. Piense que él y el caído son de una masa, y que cayendo otro cae él cuanto es de su parte. Porque, como dice San Agustín: «No hay pecado que haga un hombre, que no lo haría otro hombre, si no lo rige el Hacedor del hombre.» Saque bien del mal ajeno, humillándose con ver al otro caer; saque bien del bien ajeno gozándose del bien del prójimo. No sea como ponzoñosa serpiente, que saque de todo mal; soberbia en las caídas ajenas y envidia en los bienes ajenos. No quedarán estos tales sin castigo de Dios; dejarles ha caer en lo que otros cayeron y no les dará el bien de que hubieron envidia.

Scripture echoes

  1. Prov.23.27;Prov.22.14For a prostitute is a deep pit, and a foreign woman is a narrow well. Prov.22.14 — The mouth of an adulteress is a deep pit; the one who is under the LORD's curse falls into it.
  2. Dan.4.17The tree that you saw, which grew strong, whose height reached the heavens and whose sight extended to all the earth—
  3. John.13.37-John.13.38Peter said to him, "Lord, why can I not follow you now? I will lay down my life for you." John.13.38 — Jesus answered, 'Will you lay down your life for me? Truly, truly, I say to you, the rooster will not crow until you have denied me three times.'
  4. Luke.18.11The Pharisee, standing by himself, prayed these things toward himself: 'God, I thank you that I am not like the rest of people—robbers, evildoers, adulterers—or even like this tax collector.'
  5. Luke.18.14I tell you, this one went down to his house justified rather than that one; for everyone who exalts himself will be humbled, but the one who humbles himself will be exalted.
  6. Matt.7.1-Matt.7.2;Luke.6.37-Luke.6.38Do not judge, so that you will not be judged. Matt.7.2 — For with the judgment you judge, you will be judged, and with the measure you measure, it will be measured to you. Luke.6.37 — Do not judge, and you will not be judged. Do not condemn, and you will not be condemned. Forgive, and you will be forgiven. Luke.6.38 — Give, and it will be given to you. A good measure, pressed down, shaken together, overflowing, they will put into your lap. For with the measure you measure, it will be measured back to you.
  7. Phil.2.12Therefore, my beloved, just as you have always obeyed, not only in my presence but now much more in my absence, work out your own salvation with fear and trembling.
  8. Rom.9.21Does not the potter have authority over the clay, from the same lump to make one vessel for honor and another for dishonor?

Notes

  1. 1«poso estrecho» is treated as a narrow well/pit (parallel to pozo), matching the biblical cistern/pit image rather than «sediment» or «dregs».
  2. 2alanzado is archaic Spanish for cast out / driven out (lanzado). conversación here means human company or society, not speech.
  3. 3edificio de la castidad (the building of chastity) keeps the architectural metaphor of virtue as a structure one claims to raise by one's own arm/strength. cobrar here means recover/regain what was lost.
  4. 4Spanish «agradados y confiados de sí» / «mal agradados y mal confiados de sí mismos» names a self-satisfied self-trust mistaken for standing well with God; rendered as pleased with / confident in themselves (and wrongly so), not mere generic pride.
  5. 5«delante la misericordia de Dios» is older Spanish for «delante de la misericordia de Dios» (before / in the presence of God's mercy).
  6. 6«arrendador» is rendered «tax collector» for the Lukan publican; Golden-Age arrendador can also mean a tax farmer or leaseholder.
  7. 7«satisfacerle su agravio» is rendered as making good the wrong done to the fallen neighbor (vindicating him), not as the fallen man making satisfaction for his own sin.
  8. 8Spanish 'son de una masa' carries the Augustinian/Pauline image of a shared human lump or mass; rendered as 'same mass' to keep that force rather than flattening to mere 'same kind'.
  9. 9The colon after 'mal' takes the following nouns as the kinds of evil drawn out (pride and envy), which matches the source's appositional punctuation.
  10. 10Archaic future 'dejarles ha' read as 'les dejará' / 'He will let them' (standard early modern Spanish future with enclitic).

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