Canción XXXIV
The Bridegroom's Praises and the Soul's Humility
The Bridegroom and soul exchange praises and endearments, with the soul humbling herself and the Bridegroom exalting her.
Annotation on the following stanza The loving gifts the Bridegroom gives the soul in this state are beyond counting, and the praises and tender endearments of divine love that so often pass between them are beyond words. She spends herself praising and thanking him, while he spends himself exalting, praising, and thanking her, as you can see in the Song of Songs. There, speaking to her, he says: Behold, you are beautiful, my love; behold, you are beautiful; your eyes are doves. Behold, you are beautiful, my beloved, and lovely; that is: See, you are beautiful, my friend; see, you are beautiful, and your eyes are doves.✦✦1 She answers him: See, you are handsome, my Beloved, and lovely—and they exchange many other compliments and praises in the Song of Songs. So, in the song just past, she finishes by despising herself, calling herself dark and ugly, while praising him as handsome and gracious, for with his gaze he gave her grace and beauty.✦ And he, because he is accustomed to exalt those who humble themselves, fixes his eyes on her as she has asked him in the song that follows. He sets about praising her, calling her not dark, as she calls herself, but a white dove, praising her for the good qualities she has as a dove and a turtledove; and so he says:
The Stanza: The Dove and the Turtledove
The Bridegroom sings of the soul's purity and reward, comparing her to a white dove and a turtledove who has found her mate.
The little white dove has returned to the ark with the branch, and now the little turtledove has found her longed-for mate on the green riverbanks. Explanation It is the Bridegroom who speaks in this song, singing of the purity she already possesses in this state, and of the riches and reward she has gained by preparing herself and working to come to him. And he also sings of the great happiness she has had in finding her Bridegroom in this union, and he makes known the fulfillment of her desires and the delight and refreshment she possesses in him, now that the labors of her past life and time are finished.2 And so he says:
The Little White Dove: Purity and Contemplation
The Bridegroom calls the soul a little white dove, signifying her purity and loving contemplation.
The little white dove. He calls the soul a little white dove because of the whiteness and purity she has received from the grace she has found in God. And he calls her a dove because that is how he names her in the Song of Songs—to mark the simplicity and gentleness of her nature and the loving contemplation she has; for the dove is not only simple and gentle, without gall, but also has clear and loving eyes; and so, to show in her this quality of loving contemplation with which she looks at God, the Bridegroom also said there that she had dove's eyes—and it is to her that he says here that✦✦3
Return to the Ark: Victory and Recollection
The soul, like Noah's dove, returns to the ark of God with the olive branch of victory and reward.
She has returned to the ark with the branch. Here the Bridegroom compares the soul to the dove of Noah's ark, taking as a figure that going and coming of the dove to the ark for what has happened to the soul in this case; because, just as the dove went out and came back to the ark because she found nowhere to rest her foot among the waters of the flood, until afterward she returned to it with an olive branch in her beak, as a sign of God's mercy in the ceasing of the waters that had flooded the earth, so this soul, who went out from the ark of God's omnipotence when he created her, having wandered through the waters of the flood of sins and imperfections, finding nowhere for her desire to rest, kept going and coming through the airs of love's longing toward the ark of her Creator's breast, without him yet fully gathering her into himself, until now, God having made those waters of imperfections cease over the land of her soul, she has returned with the olive branch—which is the victory she has, by God's clemency and mercy, over all things—to this blessed and complete recollection in her Beloved's breast, not only with victory over all her adversaries, but with the reward of her merits; because both are denoted by the olive branch. And so, the little dove of the soul returns to the ark of her God not only as white and clean as when she was first created, but also with the added branch—the reward and peace won through victory over herself.
The Turtledove Finds Her Mate: Union and Delight
The soul, like a turtledove, has found her longed-for mate and now enjoys all delights in union with him.
Now the little turtledove has found the mate she longed for along the green riverbanks. Here the Bridegroom also calls the soul a little turtledove, because in this search for the Bridegroom, she has been like a turtledove that cannot find the mate she longs for. To understand this, you need to know what is said about the turtledove: when she cannot find her mate, she doesn't settle on a green branch, drink clear or cool water, take shelter in the shade, or join other company; but once she is reunited with him, she enjoys all of these things.4 The soul has all these properties, and she must have them if she is to reach this union and joining with her Bridegroom; because she must go about with such love and care that she does not set the foot of her appetite on any green branch of delight, nor want to drink the clear water of any honor and glory of the world, nor want to taste it cool as any temporal refreshment or consolation, nor want to take shelter under the shade of any favor and protection from creatures—wanting to rest on nothing in anything, nor keep company with other attachments, sighing after solitude from all things until she finds her Bridegroom with complete satisfaction.5 And because this soul, before reaching this state, searched for her Beloved with great love, finding satisfaction in nothing apart from him, here the Bridegroom himself sings of the end of her labors and the fulfillment of her desires, saying that now the turtledove has found her long-desired mate on the green riverbanks—in other words: Now the bride-soul sits on a green branch, delighting in her Beloved; and she drinks the clear water of the highest contemplation and wisdom of God, cool with the refreshment and delight she finds in God; she also rests under the shadow of his shelter and favor, which she had so longed for; there she is comforted and fed, nourished sweetly and divinely; as she herself rejoices over this in the Song of Songs, saying: Sub umbra illius, quem desideraveram, sedi, et fructus ejus dulcis guturi meo—that is: Under the shadow of the one I had longed for I sat down, and his fruit is sweet to my throat.6
Read the original Spanish
Anotación de la canción siguiente
Los amigables regalos que el Esposo hace al alma en este estado son inestimables, y las alabanzas y requiebros de divino amor que con gran frecuencia pasan entre los dos son inefables. Ella se emplea en alabarlo y regraciarlo a él, y él en engrandecerla y alabarla y regraciarla a ella, según es de ver en los Cantares donde, hablando él con ella, dice: Ecce tu pulchra es amica mea, ecce tu pulchra es, oculi tui columbarum. Ecce tu pulcher es dilecte mi, et decorus; esto es: Cata que eres hermosa, amiga mía; cata que eres hermosa y tus ojos son de paloma. Y ella responde y dice: Cata que eres hermoso, Amado mío, y bello, y otras muchas gracias y alabanzas que el uno al otro se dicen en los Cantares; y así, ella en la canción pasada acaba de despreciarse a sí, llamándose morena y fea, y de alabarlo a él de hermoso y gracioso, pues con su mirada le dio gracia y hermosura. Y él, porque tiene de costumbre de ensalzar al que se humilla, poniendo en ella sus ojos, como ella se lo ha pedido en la canción que sigue, se emplea en alabarla, llamándola no morena, como ella se llama, sino blanca paloma, alabándola de las buenas propiedades que tiene como paloma y tórtola; y así, dice:
La blanca palomica Al arca con el ramo se ha tornado, Y ya la tortolica Al socio deseado En las riberas verdes ha hallado.
DECLARACIÓN
El Esposo es el que habla en esta canción, cantando la pureza que ella tiene ya en este estado, y las riquezas y premio que ha conseguido por haberse dispuesto y trabajado por venir a él. Y también canta la buena dicha que ha tenido en hallar a su Esposo en esta unión, y da a entender el cumplimiento de los deseos suyos y deleite y refrigerio que en él posee, acabados ya los trabajos de la vida y tiempo pasado. Y así, dice:
La blanca palomica.
Llama al alma blanca palomica, por la blancura y limpieza que ha recibido de la gracia que ha hallado en Dios. Y llámala paloma, porque así la llama en los Cantares, para denotar la sencillez y mansedumbre de condición y amorosa contemplación que tiene; porque la paloma, no sólo es sencilla y mansa sin hiel, mas también tiene los ojos claros y amorosos; y por eso, para denotar el Esposo en ella esta propiedad de contemplación amorosa con que mira a Dios, dijo allí también que tenía los ojos de paloma, a la cual le dice aquí que
Al arca con el ramo se ha tornado.
Aquí compara al alma el Esposo a la paloma del arca de Noé, tomando por figura aquel ir y venir de la paloma al arca, de lo que al alma en este caso le ha acaecido; porque, así como la paloma iba y venía al arca porque no hallaba donde descansar su pie entre las aguas del diluvio, hasta que después se volvió a ella con un ramo de oliva en el pico, en señal de la misericordia de Dios en la cesación de las aguas que tenían anegada la tierra; así esta alma, que salió de la arca de la omnipotencia de Dios cuando la crió, habiendo andado por las aguas del diluvio de los pecados y de las imperfecciones, no hallando donde descansase su apetito, andaba yendo y viniendo por los aires de las ansias de amor al arca del pecho de su Criador, sin que de hecho la acabase de recoger en él, hasta que ya, habiendo Dios hecho cesar las dichas aguas de imperfecciones sobre la tierra de su alma, ha vuelto con el ramo de oliva, que es la victoria que por la clemencia y misericordia de Dios tiene de todas las cosas, a este dichoso y acabado recogimiento del pecho de su Amado, no sólo con victoria de todos sus contrarios, sino con premio de sus merecimientos; porque lo uno y lo otro es denotado por el ramo de oliva. Y así, la palomica del alma, no sólo vuelve ahora al arca de su Dios, blanca y limpia, como salió de ella cuando la crió, mas aun con aumento del ramo del premio y paz conseguida en la victoria de sí misma.
Y ya la tortolica Al socio deseado En las riberas verdes ha hallado.
También llama aquí el Esposo al alma tortolica; porque en este caso de buscar al Esposo, ha sido como la tortolica cuando no halla al consorte que desea. Para cuya inteligencia es de saber lo que de la tortolica se dice, que cuando no halla a su consorte, ni se asienta en ramo verde, ni bebe el agua clara ni fría, ni se pone debajo de la sombra, ni se junta con otras compañías; pero en juntándose con él ya goza de todo esto. Todas estas propiedades tiene el alma, y es necesario que las tenga, para haber de llegar a esta unión y junta de su Esposo; porque, con tanto amor y solicitud le conviene, andar, que no siente el pie del apetito en rama verde de algún deleite, ni quiera beber el agua clara de alguna honra y gloria del mundo, ni la quiera gustar fría de algún refrigerio o consuelo temporal, ni se quiera poner debajo de la sombra de algún favor y amparo de criaturas; no queriendo reposar nada en nada, ni acompañarse de otras aficiones, gimiendo por la soledad de todas las cosas hasta hallar a su Esposo con cumplida satisfacción.
Y porque esta tal alma, antes que llegase a este estado, anduvo con grande amor buscando a su Amado, no se satisfaciendo de cosa sin él, canta aquí el mismo Esposo el fin de sus fatigas y el cumplimiento de los deseos de ella, diciendo que ya la «tortolica ha hallado en las riberas verdes al socio deseado», que es tanto como decir: Ya el alma esposa se sienta en ramo verde, deleitándose en su Amado; y ya bebe el agua clara de muy alta contemplación y sabiduría de Dios, y fría del refrigerio y regalo que tiene en Dios; y también se pone debajo de la sombra de su amparo y favor, que tanto ella había deseado; donde es consolada y apacentada, y refeccionada sabrosa y divinamente; según ella, de ello se alegra en los Cantares diciendo: Sub umbra illius, quem desideraveram, sedi, et fructus ejus dulcis guturi meo; esto es: Debajo de la sombra de aquel que había deseado me asenté, y su fruto es dulce a mi garganta.
Scripture echoes
- ↩Song.1.16 — Behold, you are beautiful, my beloved, indeed pleasant; also our couch is green.
- ↩Song.1.15 — Behold, you are beautiful, my love; behold, you are beautiful; your eyes are doves.
- ↩Song.1.16 — Behold, you are beautiful, my beloved, indeed pleasant; also our couch is green.
- ↩Song.2.14 — O my dove, in the clefts of the rock, in the hiding place of the steep path, let me see your face, let me hear your voice; for your voice is sweet, and your face is lovely.
- ↩Song.1.15 — Behold, you are beautiful, my love; behold, you are beautiful; your eyes are doves.
Notes
- 1 ↩The Latin line matches Song 1:16 (bride to Bridegroom), while the Spanish gloss matches Song 1:15 (Bridegroom to bride). Rendered as written.
- 2 ↩Spanish 'refrigerio' rendered as 'refreshment' (cooling relief/consolation in mystical union); not mere physical rest.
- 3 ↩sin hiel keeps the traditional emblem of the dove as without gall (without bitterness); the phrase is emblematic, not merely anatomical.
- 4 ↩"el agua clara ni fría" treats clear and cool as two refused refreshments of the turtledove; the next section allegorizes them separately (clear water of contemplation; cool water of refreshment).
- 5 ↩"no siente el pie del apetito" is kept as a concrete image: the soul must not plant the foot of appetite on any green branch of delight.
- 6 ↩Spanish 'regalo' in San Juan often means a caressing spiritual delight or favor of grace, not merely a material 'gift'; rendered here as 'delight'.
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