Canciones XIV y XV
The Dove's Flight and the Betrothal
The soul, like Noah's dove, is gathered into the ark of God's love, and the spiritual betrothal begins, ending her longings and beginning a peaceful, sweet love.
Annotation and argument of the two songs that follow So as this dove of the soul was flying through the winds of love, over the floodwaters of her own weariness and loving desires that she has shown up to now (finding nowhere to rest her foot), at this last flight we have spoken of, the merciful father Noah reached out his hand of mercy and gathered her in, placing her in the ark of his charity and love; and this happened at the moment when, in the song we just finished explaining, he said, 'Return, dove.' In that recollection, finding everything she desired and more than can be said, the soul begins to sing praises of her Beloved, recounting the grandeurs she feels and enjoys in him in this union, in the two songs that follow, saying:12 My Beloved: the mountains, the lonely wooded valleys, the strange islands, the sounding rivers, the whistling of the loving breezes. The calm night, beside the risings of the dawn, the silent music, the sounding solitude, the supper that refreshes and kindles love.3 Annotation Before we begin explaining these songs, it's necessary to note—for a better understanding of them and those that follow—that this spiritual flight we just mentioned refers to a high state and union of love in which, after much spiritual practice, God usually places the soul: what is called spiritual betrothal with the Word, the Son of God. And when this first begins—that is, the first time—God reveals great things about Himself to the soul, beautifying her with greatness and majesty, adorning her with gifts and virtues, and clothing her with knowledge and honor of God, just like a bride on the day of her betrothal. And on this blessed day, not only do the soul's intense longings and love-complaints that she had before come to an end, but, left adorned with the gifts I speak of, there begins for her a state of peace, delight, and sweetness of love, as these present songs make clear. In them she does nothing but recount and sing the greatness of her Beloved, which she knows and enjoys in Him through that betrothal union. And so, in the songs that follow, she no longer speaks of longings and sufferings as she used to, but of communication and the practice of sweet and peaceful love with her Beloved, because in this state all of that now comes to an end.4 And it should be noted that these two songs contain the most that God usually communicates to a soul at this time; but it must not be understood that everything declared in these two songs is communicated to all who reach this state, or in the same manner and measure of knowledge and feeling. For some souls are given more and others less, and some in one way and others in another, though either can belong to this state of spiritual betrothal. But what is set down here is the most that can be, because everything is included in it.
The Ark of Divine Riches
The soul enters the divine ark and perceives all the goods of God, understanding that in this ecstasy God communicates Himself as all things, though not in essential vision.
Explanation And it's worth noting that, just as divine Scripture says Noah's ark had many rooms for many different kinds of animals and all the foods that could be eaten, so the soul, in this flight it makes to this divine ark of God's breast, not only perceives in it the many rooms that His Majesty said through Saint John were in His Father's house, but also sees and knows there all the foods—that is, all the great things the soul can taste, which are all the things contained in those two songs already mentioned and signified by those ordinary words; and these, in substance, are the ones that follow.✦ In this divine union, the soul sees and tastes abundance and inestimable riches, and finds all the rest and refreshment she desires. She understands strange secrets and insights of God—another food, among those that taste best to her. She feels in God a terrible power and strength that strips every other power and strength away. There she tastes an admirable sweetness and delight of spirit, finds true calm and divine light, and tastes deeply of the wisdom of God that shines in the harmony of creatures and of God's works—and she feels it. She is filled with goods and left foreign to evils, empty of them. And above all, she understands and enjoys an inestimable nourishment of love, which confirms her in love. And this is the substance of what those two songs contain. In these the bride says that her Beloved is all these things in himself, and is so for her; because in what God ordinarily communicates in such ecstasies the soul feels and knows the truth of that saying of Saint Francis, namely: My God and all things. Hence, because God is all things, and the soul and the good of them all, the communication of this ecstasy is set forth through the likeness of the goodness of things in those songs, as will be declared in each of their verses. And in this it must be understood that everything declared here is in God eminently in an infinite way—or better said, each of these grandeurs that are named is God, and all of them together are God. For since in this case the soul is united with God, it feels that all things are God, as Saint John felt when he said: 'Quod factum est, in ipso vita erat'—that is, 'What was made in him was life.'✦5 And so, what is said here that the soul feels must not be understood as like seeing things in the light—seeing creatures in God—but rather that in that possession it feels that all things are God. Nor should it be understood that, because the soul feels so loftily of God in what we are saying, it sees God essentially and clearly, for it is nothing but a strong and abundant communication and glimpse of what he is in himself, in which the soul feels this good of things that we will now declare in the verses; namely:
My Beloved, the Mountains and Valleys
The soul declares that her Beloved is the high, abundant mountains and the quiet, refreshing solitary valleys.
My Beloved, the mountains. The mountains rise high; they are abundant, broad and beautiful, and graceful, flowering and fragrant. To me, these mountains are my Beloved.6 The solitary wooded valleys. The solitary valleys are quiet, pleasant, cool, and shady, full of sweet waters; and in the variety of their groves and the soft song of birds they give great recreation and delight to the senses, and they bring refreshment and rest in their solitude and silence. These valleys are my Beloved for me.7
The Strange Islands and Sounding Rivers
The Beloved is the strange islands of new and wonderful knowledge, and the sounding rivers that flood the soul with peace, fill its emptiness, and produce a spiritual voice of power and delight.
The strange islands. The strange islands are surrounded by the sea, and beyond the seas they lie far removed and cut off from human contact; and so, on them there grow and come to birth things very different from those around here, of very strange kinds and powers never seen by people, which cause great novelty and wonder in whoever sees them.8 And so, because of the great and wonderful new things, and the strange knowledge far removed from common understanding that the soul sees in God, she calls him strange islands; for people call someone strange for one of two reasons: either because he keeps withdrawing from others, or because he is excellent and singular among other people in his works and deeds. For these two reasons the soul here calls God strange, because he is not only all the strangeness of islands never seen, but his ways, counsels, and works are also very strange and new and wonderful to people; and it is no wonder that God should be strange to people who have not seen him, since he is also strange to the holy angels and souls who do see him, for they cannot finish seeing him, and never will.910 Right up to the final day of judgment, they continue to see so many new things in him—according to his deep judgments concerning his works of mercy and justice—that he is always new to them, and they marvel all the more. So not only people, but the angels as well, can call him 'strange islands.' Only to himself is he not strange, nor is he new to himself.11 The resounding rivers. Rivers have three properties: the first, that whatever they enter they rush against and flood; the second, that they fill every vessel and empty space they find before them; the third, that they make such a sound that they drown out and take over every other sound. And because in this communication of God that we are speaking of, the soul tastes these three properties in him with deep delight, it says that its Beloved is "the resounding rivers." As for the first property the soul feels, you should know that in this case the soul finds itself so rushed upon by the torrent of God's Spirit, and taken hold of with such force, that it seems as if all the rivers of the world are coming over it and rushing against it, and it feels all the actions and passions it was previously caught up in drowned there; and it is not torment just because it is so forceful, for these rivers are rivers of peace, as God makes known through Isaiah, saying of this rushing upon the soul: Ecce ego declinabo super eam quasi fluvium pacis, et quasi torrentem inundantem gloriam; that is: Take note and pay attention: I will descend and rush upon her—that is, upon the soul—like a river of peace, and like a torrent overflowing with glory. And so this divine rushing that God makes upon the soul like resounding rivers fills her entirely with peace and glory. The second property the soul feels is that this divine water at this time fills the vessels of her humility and fills the empty places of her appetites, as Saint Luke says: Exaltavit humiles. Esurientes implevit bonis; which means: He exalted the humble and filled the hungry with good things. The third property the soul feels in these resounding rivers of her Beloved is a spiritual noise and voice that is above every sound and voice, which silences every other voice, and whose sound exceeds all the sounds of the world; and in explaining how this is so, we must linger a little. This voice—or this resonant sound of the rivers that the soul speaks of here—is such an abundant filling that it fills her with good things, and a power so mighty that it takes possession of her, so that it seems to her not only like the sounds of rivers, but even like the most powerful thunder. But this voice is a spiritual voice; it doesn't bring those other bodily sounds, or their pain and distress, but rather greatness and strength, power, delight, and glory. And so it's like an immense interior voice and sound that clothes the soul with power and strength.12 This spiritual voice and sound worked in the spirit of the apostles when the Holy Spirit descended on them with a rushing torrent (as it says in the Acts of the Apostles). In order to make known the spiritual voice that was working interiorly in them, that sound was heard outside like a rushing wind, so that everyone who was in Jerusalem could hear it; and by that sound, as we have said, was signified what the apostles were receiving within, which was, as we have said, a filling with power and strength.13 And also when the Lord Jesus was praying to the Father in the anguish and distress he suffered from his enemies, as Saint John said, an interior voice came to him from heaven, strengthening him in his humanity. And the Jews heard its sound from outside so deep and violent that some said there had been thunder, and others said an angel from heaven had spoken to him. And the truth was that by that voice heard outside was signified and made known the strength and power that, in his humanity, were being given to Christ from within. And that doesn't mean we should take it that the soul fails to receive the sound of the spiritual voice in the spirit.14 Here it should be noted that the spiritual voice is an effect that it produces in the soul, just as the bodily voice imprints its sound on the ear, and understanding on the spirit.15 This is what David meant when he said: Ecce dabit voci suae vocem virtutis; which means: 'Look, God will give his voice a voice of power.'16 This power is the interior voice; because when David says, 'He will give to his voice a voice of power,' it means: To the exterior voice that is felt outside he will give a voice of power that is felt within. From this it should be known that God is infinite voice, and in communicating himself to the soul in the way we have described, he produces the effect of an immense voice. Saint John heard this voice in the Apocalypse, and he says that he heard it from heaven, and that it was Tamquam vocem aquarum multarum, et tamquam vocem tonitrui magni; which means that this voice he heard was like the voice of many waters and like the voice of a great thunder. And so that it won't be thought that this voice, because it was so great, was painful and harsh, he adds at once that this same voice was so gentle that erat sicut citharedorum citharizantium in citharis suis; which means that it was like many players harping on their harps. And Ezekiel says that this sound like many waters was quasi sonus sublimis Dei; that is, like the sound of the Most High God—meaning that it was communicated in him in a most lofty and most gentle way.17 This voice is infinite, because, as we were saying, it is God himself communicating himself, making a voice in the soul; yet he adapts himself to each soul, giving it a voice of power according to what suits it, in a limited measure, and he brings the soul great delight and greatness.18 That is why he said to the Bride in the Song of Songs: Sonet vox tua in auribus meis, vox enim tua dulcis; which means: "Let your voice sound in my ears, for your voice is sweet."
The Whistle of Loving Breezes
The Beloved is the loving breezes and their whistle, which communicate the touch of His virtues and a substantial, delightful understanding in the soul's intellect.
The whistling of the loving breezes. In the present verse the soul names two things, namely, airs and a whistle. By the loving airs are meant here the virtues and graces of the Beloved, which, through that union with the Bridegroom, rush upon the soul and most lovingly communicate themselves and touch it in its substance.19 And by the whistle of these airs she means a most exalted and most delightful understanding of God and of His virtues, which overflows into the intellect from the touch these virtues of God make in the substance of the soul; and this is the loftiest delight among all the others the soul tastes here. And so that what has been said may be better understood, it should be noted that, just as two things are felt in the air—touch and whistle, or sound—so in this communication of the Bridegroom two other things are felt: a feeling of delight and understanding; and just as the touch of the air is enjoyed by the sense of touch and the whistle of that same air by the ear, so also the touch of the Beloved's virtues is felt and enjoyed in the touch of this soul—that is, in its substance—by means of the will, and the understanding of those virtues of God is felt in the ear of the soul, which is in the intellect.20 And it should also be known that the loving breeze is said to come when it strikes with delicious force, satisfying the appetite of the one who longed for that refreshment, because then it delights and refreshes the sense of touch; and with this delight of touch, the ear feels great delight and pleasure in the sound and whistle of the air, far more than touch does in the touch of the air; because the sense of hearing is more spiritual—or better said, comes closer to the spiritual—than touch; and so the delight it causes is more spiritual than the delight touch causes. Exactly the same: because this touch of God greatly satisfies and delights the substance of the soul, gently fulfilling its desire to find itself in such a union, it calls that union, or these touches, loving breezes; for as we have said, the Beloved's virtues are communicated to it in him lovingly and sweetly; and from this there derives in the intellect the whistle of understanding.21 And it calls it a whistle because, just as the whistle caused by the air enters sharply into the little vessel of the ear, so this most subtle and delicate understanding enters with wonderful savor and delight into the inmost part of the soul's substance, which is a far greater delight than all the rest. The reason is that what is given to it is understood substance, stripped of accidents and phantasms; for it is given to the intellect that the philosophers call passive or passible, because it receives it passively, without doing anything of its own in its natural way; and this is the soul's chief delight, because it is in the intellect that fruition consists, as the theologians say—that is, seeing God. And because this whistle signifies that substantial understanding, some theologians think our father Elijah saw God in that thin whistle of air he felt on the mountain at the mouth of his cave.22 There Scripture calls it a thin whistle of air, because from the subtle and delicate communication of the spirit understanding was born in his intellect; and here the soul calls it a whistle of loving breezes, because from the loving communication of her Beloved's virtues it overflows into the intellect, and that is why she calls it a whistle of the loving breezes. This divine whistle that enters through the ear of the soul is not only understood substance, as I've said, but also a disclosure of truths about the Divinity and a revelation of His hidden secrets. Because ordinarily, whenever Holy Scripture records some communication from God said to enter through the ear, it turns out to be a manifestation of these pure truths in the understanding or a revelation of God's secrets. And these are purely spiritual revelations or visions, given to the soul alone without the service or help of the senses. So what God says and communicates through the ear is very lofty and certain. That is why, to make the loftiness of his revelation clear, Saint Paul did not say, Vidi arcana verba, nor even Gustavi arcana verba, but Audivi arcana verba, quae non licet homini loqui.✦ And it's as if he said: I heard secret words that it is not lawful for a human being to speak.✦ In this it is thought that he saw God as truly as our father Elijah did in the whistle; because, just as faith (as Saint Paul also says) comes through the bodily ear, so what faith tells us—which is the understood substance—comes through the spiritual ear.✦✦ The prophet Job made this very clear when, speaking with God at the moment of revelation, he said: Auditu auris audivi te, nunc autem oculus meus videt te; that is: With the hearing of the ear I heard you, and now my eye sees you.✦ In this, it is clearly understood that hearing Him with the ear of the soul is seeing Him with the eye of the passive intellect we spoke of; that is why he does not say he will hear with the hearing of his ears, but of his ear; nor that he saw You with his eyes, but with his eye of the understanding; therefore this hearing of the soul is seeing with the understanding.✦23 And it must not be understood that what the soul understands, just because it is bare substance, as we have said, is the perfect and clear fruition as in heaven; for although it is bare of accidents, it is not clear but dark, because it is contemplation—which in this life, as Saint Dionysius says, is a ray of darkness. And so we can say that it is a ray and an image of fruition, inasmuch as it is in the understanding, where fruition consists.24 This understood substance that the soul here calls a whistle is the desired eyes, which, when the Beloved uncovered them for her, she spoke of as she did, because the senses couldn't bear them:25 Turn them away, Beloved.
The Rapture Confirmed in Job
The author cites and explains a passage from Job that confirms the rapture and betrothal, showing the hidden word, the trembling, and the voice of a delicate breeze.
And because a passage from Job seems to me quite fitting for our purpose—one that confirms a lot of what I have said about this rapture and betrothal—I will cite it here (even if it means we linger a bit longer), and I will explain the parts of it that serve our purpose. First I will present it entirely in Latin and then in the vernacular, and then I will briefly explain what in it relates to our purpose; and when that is done, I will continue with the exposition of the verses of the next song. So Eliphaz the Temanite says in Job, like this: Moreover, a hidden word was spoken to me, and my ear caught, as if by stealth, the veins of its whisper.✦ In the horror of a night vision, when deep sleep usually overtakes people. Terror seized me, and trembling, and all my bones were terrified; and when a spirit passed while I was present, the hairs of my flesh stood on end.✦ Someone stood there whose face I did not recognize—an image before my eyes—and I heard a voice like a gentle breeze; and in the vernacular it means: Truly, a hidden word was spoken to me, and as if by stealth my ear received the veins of its whisper in the horror of the night vision; when sleep usually overtakes people, terror and trembling seized me, and all my bones were thrown into turmoil; and as the spirit passed in my presence, the hairs of my flesh shrank back on me; someone was set before me whose face I did not know—it was an image before my eyes—and I heard a voice of thin air.✦ In this passage is contained almost everything we have said here up to this point about this rapture, from Song XII onward, where it says: "Take them away, Beloved"; for in what Eliphaz says here—that a hidden word was spoken to him—is signified that hidden reality which was given to the soul, whose greatness, unable to bear it, said: Turn them away, Beloved. When he says that his ear received the veins of His whisper as if by stealth, he means the naked substance that we've said the understanding receives, because here 'veins' denote interior substance.26 The whisper means that communication and touch of virtues from which the said understood substance is communicated to the understanding. He calls it a whisper here because such communication is very gentle, just as there the soul calls it loving airs, because it communicates lovingly. He says he received it as if by stealth because, just as what is stolen belongs to another, so that secret was foreign to man, naturally speaking, because he received what was not of his nature, and so it was not lawful for him to receive it, just as it was not lawful for Saint Paul to be able to tell of his own; which is why the other prophet said twice: My secret is for me; Secretum meum mihi, secretum meum mihi. And when he said: In the horror of the night vision, when sleep usually overtakes men, dread and trembling seized me—he means the fear and trembling that communication of rapture naturally causes in the soul, which we said nature could not bear in the communication of the Spirit of God; because this prophet means that, just as when people are falling asleep they are often oppressed and terrified by a vision they call a nightmare, which comes upon them between sleep and waking—that is, at the point when sleep is coming on—so, at the time of this spiritual passage, between the sleep of natural ignorance and the waking of supernatural knowledge (which is the beginning of rapture or ecstasy), the spiritual vision then communicated to them causes them trembling and fear. He adds further, saying that all his bones were astonished or thrown into turmoil—which means as if he said they were shaken or knocked from their places; which makes clear the great dislocation of bones that we've said is suffered at this time; which Daniel made clear when he saw the angel, saying: Domine mi, in visione tua dissolutae sunt compages meae; that is: My Lord, in your vision the joints of my bones have come apart. And in what he says next—'And as the spirit passed before my presence,' that is, making my spirit pass beyond its natural limits and ways through the rapture we've spoken of, 'the hairs of my flesh stood on end'—he means what we've said of the body: that in this passage it remains frozen, and the flesh shrunken as if dead. Then there follows: There stood one whose face I did not know; he was an image before my eyes. The one he says was present was God, who was communicating in the way already described.✦ And he says he did not know His face, to make clear that in such a communication or vision, however lofty it may be, God's face and essence are neither known nor seen; but he says it was an image before his eyes because, as we've said, that understanding of the hidden word was very lofty, like an image and face of God—yet this should not be understood as seeing God in His essence.✦27 Then he concludes by saying: 'And I heard a voice of a delicate breeze,' by which is understood 'the whistle of the loving airs,' which the soul here says is her Beloved.✦ And it shouldn't be understood that these visits always come with these fears and natural harms; for, as we've already said, that happens to those who are beginning to enter the state of illumination and perfection and this kind of communication, because in others they come instead with great gentleness.28
The Quiet Night and the Rising Dawn
The Beloved is the quiet night near the dawn, a divine stillness that lifts the soul above natural knowledge, making it like a solitary bird with five properties.
The quiet night. In this spiritual sleep that the soul experiences on the breast of her Beloved, she possesses and tastes all the calm, rest, and quiet of the peaceful night. At the same time, she receives in God an abyssal, dark, divine understanding, and for that reason, she says that her Beloved is for her "the quiet night."29 Beside the rising of the dawn. But this quiet night is not like a dark night; it's like the night just before daybreak. For this stillness and quiet in God isn't completely dark to the soul like the dark night is; rather, it's stillness and quiet in the divine light and in a new knowledge of God, where the spirit rests most gently quiet, lifted to the divine light. And here he rightly calls this divine light the break of dawn, meaning the morning; for just as the break of morning drives away the darkness of night and reveals the light of day, so this spirit, still and quiet in God, is lifted from the darkness of natural knowledge to the morning light of the supernatural knowledge of God—not clear, as has been said, but dark, like night at the break of dawn. For just as the night at the break of dawn is neither entirely night nor entirely day, but, as they say, between two lights, so this solitude and divine stillness is neither fully illuminated by the divine light, nor does it fail to share in some of it.30 In this stillness, the understanding is lifted with strange newness above all natural understanding to the divine light—just like someone who, after a long sleep, opens their eyes to a light they didn't expect. This knowledge, I understand, is what David meant to convey when he said: Vigilavi, et factus sum sicut passer solitarius in tecto; which means: I awoke and was made like the solitary bird on the rooftop.31 As if he were saying: I opened the eyes of my understanding, and found myself above all natural intelligences, solitary without them on the rooftop—which is above all the things below. And he says here that he was made like the solitary bird, because in this manner of contemplation the spirit has the properties of this bird, which are five. The first is that it ordinarily settles in the highest place; and so the spirit, in this stage, is in the highest contemplation.32 The second is that it always keeps its beak turned toward where the air comes from; and so the spirit here turns the beak of affection toward where the Spirit of love comes from, who is God. The third is that it is ordinarily alone and will not allow any other bird near it—rather, if another settles nearby, it leaves at once; and so the spirit in this contemplation stands in solitude from all the things of the world and flees from them all, and allows nothing in itself but solitude in God. The fourth property is that it sings very sweetly, and the spirit does the same toward God at this time; because the praises it offers God are of the sweetest love, most delightful for itself and most precious to God. The fifth is that it has no definite color; and the same is true of the perfect spirit, which in this excess not only has no trace of sensory affection or self-love, but not even any particular consideration of what is higher or lower, nor can it describe it in any mode or manner, because the knowledge of God it possesses is an abyss, as has been said.33
Silent Music and Sounding Solitude
The Beloved is the silent music and sounding solitude, a tranquil understanding of the harmony of all creatures praising God, known only in detachment.
Silent music. In that silence and stillness of the night already mentioned, and in that knowledge of the divine light, the soul comes to see a wonderful fitness and arrangement of God's wisdom in the differences among all his creatures and works; for all of them, and each one, have a correspondence with God by which each, in its own kind of voice, shows what God is in it—so that to her it seems like a harmony of the most exalted music, surpassing all the world's celebrations and melodies; and she calls this silent music because, as we've said, it is a calm and quiet understanding, without the voices of the world; and so in it she enjoys both the sweetness of the music and the quiet of the silence; and so she says that her Beloved is this silent music, because in him this harmony of spiritual music is known and tasted; and not only that, but he also is3435 The sounding solitude. This is almost the same as the silent music; for although that music is silent as far as the senses and the natural powers are concerned, it is a very sounding solitude for the spiritual powers. For when those powers are alone and empty of every natural form and apprehension, they can readily receive, most sonorously in the spirit, the spiritual sense of the excellence of God in himself and in his creatures, according to what we said above that Saint John saw in spirit in the Apocalypse: namely, the voice of many harpists playing on their harps. That was in the spirit, and not of material harps, but a certain knowledge of the praises of the blessed, which each one, in his own manner of glory, continually offers to God. And that is like music; for just as each one possesses his gifts differently, so each one sings his praise differently, and all in one harmony of love, just like music. In this same way the soul discerns, in that tranquil wisdom, that in all creatures—not only the higher ones but also the lower—according to what each has received from God within itself, each one gives its voice in testimony of what God is. And it sees that each one in its own way magnifies God, having God within itself according to its capacity; and so all these voices make one musical voice of the greatness of God and of wonderful wisdom and knowledge. And this is what the Holy Spirit meant in the book of Wisdom when he said: Spiritus Domini replevit orbem terrarum, et hoc quod continet omnia, scientiam habet vocis; which means: The Spirit of the Lord has filled the circle of the earth; and this world, which contains all the things he made, has knowledge of voice.36 That is the sounding solitude we say here the soul comes to know—the testimony that all of them give of God within themselves. And because the soul receives this sounding music not without solitude and detachment from all things, it calls them "the silent music and the sounding solitude"; which it says is its Beloved, and more:37
The Supper That Refreshes and Kindles Love
The Beloved is the supper that refreshes and kindles love, a foretaste of divine vision and union, though the soul's lower part still experiences disturbances until spiritual marriage.
The supper that refreshes and kindles love. For those who love, supper brings refreshment, fullness, and love; and because the Beloved causes these three things in the soul through this gentle communication, she calls it here 'the supper that refreshes and kindles love.' You should know that in Sacred Scripture the name 'supper' is understood to mean the divine vision; for just as supper is the end of the day's work and the beginning of the night's rest, so this quiet knowledge we have spoken of makes the soul feel a certain end of evils and the beginning of the possession of goods, in which she falls more deeply in love with God than she was before; and that is why it is for her the supper that refreshes by being the end of evils, and kindles her love by being the beginning of the possession of all goods.✦38 To better understand what this supper is for the soul—a supper which, as we’ve said, is her Beloved—it’s helpful to note what the Bridegroom himself says in Revelation: "I stand at the door and knock; if anyone opens to me, I will come in and dine with him, and he with me." In this, he makes it clear that he brings the supper with him, which is nothing other than his own savor and the delights he himself enjoys. By uniting himself with the soul, he communicates these to her, and she enjoys them too—for that is what it means: "I will dine with him, and he with me." These words reveal the effect of the soul's divine union with God, in which the very goods that belong to God become common to the bride-soul, as he communicates them to her graciously and generously. Thus, he himself is the supper that refreshes and kindles love; because in being generous to her, he refreshes her, and in being gracious to her, he kindles her love.39 But before we enter into the explanation of the remaining songs, it is worth noting here that just because we have said that in this state of betrothal—in which, as we have said, the soul enjoys complete tranquility, and that everything else that can be communicated to it in this life is communicated to it—this should not be taken to mean that it is so throughout the whole soul. Rather, this tranquility belongs to the higher part; because the sensory part, until the state of spiritual marriage, never fully loses its lingering habits or brings its powers wholly under control, as will be said later. And what is communicated to it is the most that can be in the order of betrothal; because in spiritual marriage there are great advantages. For although in betrothal, during the visits, the bride soul enjoys so much good, as has been said, she still suffers absence and disturbances and troubles from the lower portion and from the devil—all of which ceases in the state of marriage.40
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Anotación y argumento de las dos canciones siguientes
Pues como esta paloma del alma andaba volando por los aires de amor, sobre las aguas del diluvio de las fatigas y ansias suyas de amor que ha mostrado hasta aquí (no hallando donde descansase su pie), a este último vuelo que habemos dicho extendió el piadoso padre Noé la mano de su misericordia, y recogiola, metiéndola en el arca de su caridad y amor, y esto fue al tiempo que en la canción que acabamos de declarar dijo: «Vuélvete, paloma»; en el cual recogimiento, hallando el alma todo lo que deseaba y más de lo que se puede decir, comienza a cantar alabanzas de su Amado, refiriendo las grandezas que en esta unión en él siente y goza en las dos canciones siguientes, diciendo:
Mi Amado, las montañas, Los valles solitarios nemorosos, Las ínsulas extrañas, Los ríos sonorosos, El silbo de los aires amorosos. La noche sosegada, En par de los levantes de la aurora, La música callada, La soledad sonora, La cena que recrea y enamora.
Anotación
Antes que entremos en la declaración de estas canciones es necesario advertir, para más inteligencia de ellas y de las que después de ellas se siguen, que en este vuelo espiritual que acabamos de decir se denota un alto estado y unión de amor, en que, después de mucho ejercicio espiritual, suele Dios poner al alma, al cual llaman desposorio espiritual con el Verbo, Hijo de Dios. Y al principio que se hace esto, que es la primera vez, comunica Dios al alma grandes cosas de sí, hermoseándola de grandeza y majestad, y arreándola de dones y de virtudes, y vistiéndola de conocimiento y honra de Dios, bien así como desposada en el día de su desposorio. Y en este dichoso día, no solamente se le acaban al alma sus ansias vehementes y querellas de amor que antes tenía, mas, quedando adornada de lo bienes que digo, comiénzale un estado de paz y deleite y de suavidad de amor, según se da a entender en las presentes canciones, en las cuales no hace otra cosa sino contar y cantar las grandezas de su Amado, las cuales conoce y goza en él por la dicha unión de desposorio; y así, en las demás canciones ya no dice cosas de ansias y penas, como antes hacía, sino comunicación y ejercicio de dulce y pacífico amor con su Amado, porque ya en este estado todo aquello fenece. Y es de notar que en estas dos canciones se contiene lo más que Dios suele comunicar en este tiempo a un alma; pero no se ha de entender que a todas las que llegan a este estado se les comunica todo lo que en estas dos canciones se declara, ni en una misma manera y medida de conocimiento y de sentimiento, porque a unas almas se les da más y a otras menos, y a unas en una manera y a otras en otra, aunque lo uno y lo otro puede ser en este estado de desposorio espiritual; pero pónese aquí lo más que puede ser, porque en ello se comprehende todo.
DECLARACIÓN
Y es de notar que, así como en el arca de Noé, según dice la divina Escritura, había muchas mansiones para muchas diferencias de animales, y todos los manjares que se podían comer, así el alma, en este vuelo que hace a esta divina arca del pecho de Dios, no sólo echa de ver en ella las muchas mansiones que su Majestad dijo por San Juan que había en la casa de su Padre, mas ve y conoce allí todos los manjares; esto es, todas las grandezas que puede gustar el alma, que son todas las cosas que se contienen en las dichas dos canciones y significadas por aquellos vocablos comunes; las cuales en sustancia son las que se siguen.
Ve el alma y gusta en esta divina unión abundancia y riquezas inestimables, y halla todo el descanso y recreación que ella desea, y entiende secretos e inteligencias de Dios extrañas, que es otro manjar de los que mejor le saben, y siente en Dios un terrible poder y fuerza que todo otro poder y fuerza priva, y gusta allí admirable suavidad y deleite de espíritu, y halla verdadero sosiego y luz divina, y gusta altamente de la sabiduría de Dios que en la armonía de las criaturas y hechos de Dios reluce y siente; se llena de bienes, y ajena y vacía de males; y sobre todo, entiende y goza de inestimable refección de amor, que la confirma en amor.
Y esta es la sustancia de lo que se contiene en las dichas dos canciones.
En las cuales dice la esposa que todas estas cosas es su Amado en sí, y lo es para ella; porque en lo que Dios suele comunicar en semejantes éxtasis siente el alma y conoce la verdad de aquel dicho que dijo el santo Francisco, es a saber: Dios mío y todas las cosas. De donde, por ser Dios todas las cosas, y el alma y bien de todas ellas, se declara la comunicación de este éxtasis por la semejanza de la bondad de las cosas en las dichas canciones, según en cada verso de ellas se irá declarando; en lo cual se ha de entender que todo lo que aquí se declara está en Dios eminentemente en infinita manera, o por mejor decir, cada una de estas grandezas que se dicen es Dios, y todas ellas juntas son Dios; que, por cuanto en este caso se une el alma con Dios, siente ser todas las cosas Dios, según lo sintió San Juan cuando dijo: Quod factum est, in ipso vita erat; es a saber: Lo que fue hecho en él era vida. Y así, no se ha de entender que en lo que aquí se dice que siente el alma es como ver las cosas en la luz, ver las criaturas en Dios, sino que en aquella posesión siente ser todas las cosas Dios; ni tampoco se ha de entender que, porque el alma siente tan subidamente de Dios en lo que vamos diciendo, ve a Dios esencialmente y claramente, que no es sino una fuerte y copiosa comunicación y vislumbre de lo que él es en sí, en que siente el alma este bien de las cosas que ahora en los versos declararemos; conviene a saber:
Mi Amado, las montañas.
Las montañas tienen altura, son abundantes, anchas y hermosas, y graciosas, floridas y olorosas. Estas montañas es mi Amado para mí.
Los valles solitarios nemorosos.
Los valles solitarios son quietos, amenos, frescos, umbrosos, de dulces aguas llenos, y en la variedad de sus arboledas y suave canto de aves hacen gran recreación y deleite al sentido, dan refrigerio y descanso en su soledad y silencio. Estos valles es mi Amado para mí.
Las ínsulas extrañas.
Las ínsulas extrañas están ceñidas con la mar, y allende de los mares muy apartadas y ajenas de la comunicación de los hombres; y así, en ellas se crían y nacen cosas muy diferentes de las de por acá, de muy extrañas maneras y virtudes nunca vistas de los hombres, que hacen grande novedad y admiración a quien las ve. Y así, por las grandes y admirables novedades, y noticias extrañas y alejadas del conocimiento común que el alma ve en Dios, le llama ínsulas extrañas; porque extraño llaman a uno por una de dos cosas: o porque se anda retirando de la gente, o porque es excelente y particular entre los demás hombres en sus obras y hechos: por estas dos cosas llama aquí el alma a Dios extraño, porque, no solamente es toda la extrañeza de las ínsulas nunca vistas, pero también sus vías, consejos y obras son muy extrañas y nuevas y admirables para los hombres; y no es maravilla que sea Dios extraño a los hombres, que no le han visto, pues también lo es a los santos ángeles y almas que le ven, pues no le pueden acabar de ver ni acabarán. Y hasta el último día del juicio van viendo en él tantas novedades, según sus profundos juicios, acerca de las obras de misericordia y justicia, que siempre le hacen novedad y siempre se maravillan más. De manera que, no solamente los hombres, pero también los ángeles, le pueden llamar ínsulas extrañas; sólo para sí no es extraño, ni tampoco para sí es nuevo.
Los ríos sonorosos.
Los ríos tienen tres propiedades: la primera, que en todo cuanto entran lo embisten y anegan; la segunda, que hinchen todos los vasos y vacíos que hallan delante; la tercera, que tienen tal sonido, que todo otro sonido privan y ocupan. Y porque en esta comunicación de Dios que vamos diciendo, siente el alma en él estas tres propiedades muy sabrosamente, dice que su Amado es «los ríos sonorosos». Cuanto a la primera propiedad que el alma siente, es de saber que de tal manera se ve el alma embestir del torrente del Espíritu de Dios en este caso y con tanta fuerza apoderarse de ella, que le parece que vienen sobre ella todos los ríos del mundo, que la embisten y siente ser allí anegadas todas sus acciones y pasiones en que antes estaba; y no porque es cosa de tanta fuerza es cosa de tormento, porque estos ríos son ríos de paz, según por Isaías lo da Dios a entender, diciendo de este embestir en el alma: Ecce ego declinabo super eam quasi fluvium pacis, et quasi torrentem inundantem gloriam; quiere decir: Notad y advertid que yo declinaré y embestiré sobre ella, es a saber, sobre el alma, como un río de paz, y así como un torrente que va redundando gloria. Y así, este embestir divino que hace Dios en el alma como ríos sonorosos, toda la hinche de paz y de gloria. La segunda propiedad que el alma siente es, que esta divina agua a este tiempo hinche los vasos de su humildad y llena los vacíos de sus apetitos, según lo dice San Lucas: Exaltavit humiles. Esurientes implevit bonis; que quiere decir: Ensalzó los humildes y llenó a los hambrientos de bienes. La tercera propiedad que el alma siente en estos sonorosos ríos de su Amado, es un ruido y voz espiritual que es sobre todo sonido y voz, la cual priva toda otra voz, y su sonido excede a todos los sonidos del mundo; y en el declarar cómo esto sea nos habemos de detener algún tanto.
Esta voz o este sonoroso sonido de los ríos, que aquí dice el alma, es un henchimiento tan abundante, que la hinche de bienes, y un poder tan poderoso, que la posee, que no sólo le parece sonidos de ríos, pero aun poderosísimos truenos; pero esta voz es voz espiritual y no trae esotros sonidos corporales, ni la pena y modestia de ellos, sino grandeza y fuerza, poder, deleite y gloria; y así, es como una voz y sonido inmenso interior que viste al alma de poder y fortaleza. Esta espiritual voz y sonido hizo en el espíritu de los apóstoles al tiempo que el Espíritu Santo con vehemente torrente (como se dice en los Actos de los apóstoles (I)) descendió sobre ellos; que para dar a entender la espiritual voz que interiormente les hacía, se oyó aquel sonido de fuera como de aire vehemente, que fuese oído de todos los que estaban dentro en Jerusalén; por el cual, como decimos, se denotaba el que dentro recibían los apóstoles, que era, como habemos dicho, henchimiento de poder y fortaleza. Y también cuando estaba el Señor Jesús rogando al Padre en el angustia y aprieto que recibió de sus enemigos, según lo dijo San Juan, le vino una voz del cielo interior confortándole según la humanidad; cuyo sonido oyeron los judíos por de fuera tan grave y vehemente, que unos decían que se había hecho algún trueno, y otros decían que le había hablado algún ángel del cielo; y era, que por aquella voz que se oía de fuera se denotaba y daba a entender la fortaleza y poder que, según la humanidad, a Cristo se le daba de dentro; y no por eso se ha de dar a entender que deja el alma de recibir el sonido de la voz espiritual en el espíritu. Donde es de notar que la voz espiritual es efecto que ella hace en el alma, así como la corporal imprime su sonido en el oído, y la inteligencia en el espíritu. Lo cual quiso dar a entender David cuando dijo: Ecce dabit voci suae vocem virtutis; que quiere decir: Mirad que Dios dará su voz de virtud. La cual virtud es la voz interior; porque decir David: Dará a su voz voz de virtud; es decir: A la voz exterior que se siente de fuera dará voz de virtud que se sienta de dentro. De donde es de saber que Dios es voz infinita, y comunicándose al alma en la manera dicha, hace el efecto de inmensa voz.
Esta voz oyó San Juan en el Apocalipsis, y dice que la oyó del cielo, y que era Tamquam vocem aquarum multarum, et tamquam vocem tonitrui magni; que quiere decir que era esta voz que oyó como voz de muchas aguas y como voz de un grande trueno. Y porque no se entienda que esta voz, por ser tan grande, era penosa y áspera, añade luego diciendo que esta misma voz era tan suave, que erat sicut citharedorum citharizantium in citharis suis; que quiere decir que era como de muchos tañedores que citarizaban en sus cítaras. Y Ecequiel dice que este sonido como de muchas aguas era quasi sonus sublimis Dei; es a saber, como sonido del altísimo Dios; esto es, que altísima y suavísimamente se comunicaba en él. Esta voz es infinita, porque, como decíamos, es el mismo Dios que se comunica, haciendo voz en el alma; mas cíñese a cada alma, dándole voz de virtud, según le cuadra, limitadamente, y hace gran deleite y grandeza al alma. Que por eso dijo a la Esposa en los Cantares: Sonet vox tua in auribus meis, vox enim tua dulcis; que quiere decir: «Suene tu voz en mis oídos, porque es dulce tu voz.»
El silbo de los aires amorosos.
Dos cosas dice el alma en el presente verso, es a saber, aires y silbo. Por los aires amorosos se entienden aquí las virtudes y gracias del Amado, las cuales, mediante la dicha unión del Esposo, embisten en el alma, y amorosísimamente se comunican y tocan en la sustancia de ellas. Y al silbo de estos aires llama una subidísima y sabrosísima inteligencia del Dios y de sus virtudes; la cual redunda en el entendimiento del toque que hacen estas virtudes de Dios en la sustancia del alma; y éste es el más subido deleite que hay en todos los demás que aquí gusta el alma.
Y para que mejor se entienda lo dicho, es de notar que, así como en el aire se sienten dos cosas, que son toque y silbo o sonido, así en esta comunicación del Esposo se sienten otras dos cosas, que son sentimiento de deleite e inteligencia; y así como el toque del aire se gusta con el sentido del tacto y el silbo del mismo aire con el oído, así también el toque de las virtudes del Amado se sienten y gozan en el tacto de esta alma, que es en la sustancia de ella, mediante la voluntad y la inteligencia de las tales virtudes de Dios, se sienten en el oído del alma, que es en el entendimiento. Y es también de saber que entonces se dice venir el aire amoroso, cuando sabrosamente hiere, satisfaciendo el apetito del que deseaba el tal refrigerio, porque entonces regala y recrea el sentido del tacto; y con este regalo del tacto siente el oído gran regalo y deleite en el sonido y silbo del aire, mucho más que el tacto en el toque del aire; porque el sentido del oído es más espiritual, o por mejor decir, allégase más a lo espiritual que el tacto; y así, el deleite que causa es más espiritual que el que causa el tacto. Ni más ni menos, porque este toque de Dios satisface grandemente y regala la sustancia del alma, cumpliendo suavemente su apetito, que era de verse en tal unión, llama a la dicha unión o toques aires amorosos; porque como habemos dicho, amorosa y dulcemente se le comunican las virtudes del Amado en él; de lo cual se deriva en entendimiento el silbo de la inteligencia. Y llámale silbo porque, así como el silbo causado del aire se entra agudamente en el vasillo del oído, así esta subtilísima y delicada inteligencia se entra con admirable sabor y deleite en lo íntimo de la sustancia del alma, que es muy mayor deleite que todos los demás. La causa es porque se le da sustancia entendida y desnuda de accidentes y fantasmas; porque se da al entendimiento que llaman los filósofos pasivo o pasible, porque pasivamente, sin hacer él a su modo natural nada de su parte, la recibe; lo cual es el principal deleite del alma, porque es en entendimiento en que consiste la fruición, como dicen los teólogos, que es ver a Dios; que por significar este silbo la dicha inteligencia sustancial piensan algunos teólogos que vio nuestro padre Elías a Dios en aquel silbo delgado de aire que sintió en el monte a la boca de su cueva. Allí le llama la Escritura silbo de aire delgado, porque de la súbtil y delicada comunicación del espíritu le nacía la inteligencia en el entendimiento; y aquí le llama el alma silbo de aires amorosos, porque de la amorosa comunicación de las virtudes de su Amado le redunda en el entendimiento, y por eso le llama silbo de los aires amorosos.
Este divino silbo que entra por el oído del alma, no solamente es sustancia, como he dicho, entendida, sino también es descubrimiento de verdades de la Divinidad y revelación de secretos suyos ocultos; porque ordinariamente todas las veces que en la Escritura divina se halla alguna comunicación de Dios, que se dice entrar por el oído, se halla ser manifestación de estas verdades desnudas en el entendimiento o revelación de secretos de Dios; las cuales son revelaciones o visiones puramente espirituales, que solamente se dan al alma sin servicio ni ayuda de los sentidos; y así, es muy alto y cierto esto que dicen y comunica Dios por el oído. Que por eso, para dar a entender San Pablo la alteza de su revelación, no dijo: Vidi arcana verba, ni menos: Gustavi arcana verba; sino: Audivi arcana verba, quae non licet homini loqui. Y es como si dijera: Oí palabras secretas que al hombre no es lícito hablar. En lo cual se piensa que vio a Dios tan bien como nuestro padre Elías en el silbo; porque, así como la fe (como también dice San Pablo) es por el oído corporal, así lo que nos dice la fe, que es la sustancia entendida, es por el oído espiritual. Lo cual dio bien a entender el profeta Job, hablando con Dios cuando se le reveló, diciendo: Auditu auris audivi te, nunc autem oculus meus videt te; quiere decir: Con el oído de la oreja te oí, y ahora te ve mi ojo. En lo cual se da claro a entender que el oírlo con el oído del alma es verlo con el ojo del entendimiento pasivo que dijimos; que por eso no dice oiré con el oído de mis orejas, sino de mi oreja; ni te vi con mis ojos, sino con mi ojo del entendimiento; luego este oír del alma es ver con el entendimiento.
Y no se ha de entender que esto que el alma entiende, porque sea sustancia desnuda, como habemos dicho, sea la perfecta y clara fruición como en el cielo; porque, aunque es desnuda de accidentes, no es clara, sino obscura, porque es contemplación; la cual en esta vida, como dice San Dionisio, es rayo de tinieblas; y así, podemos decir que es un rayo e imagen de fruición, por cuanto es en el entendimiento en que consiste la fruición. Esta sustancia entendida que aquí llama el alma silbo es los ojos deseados, que descubriéndoselos el Amado, dijo, porque no los podía sufrir el sentido:
Apártalos, Amado.
Y porque me parece bien a propósito una autoridad de Job, que confirma mucha parte de lo que he dicho en este arrobamiento y desposorio, referirla he aquí (aunque nos detengamos un poco más), y declararé las partes de ella que son a nuestro propósito, y primero la pondré toda en latín y luego en romance, y luego declararé brevemente lo que de ella conviene a nuestro propósito; y acabado esto, proseguiré la declaración de los versos de la otra canción. Dice, pues, Elifaz Temanites, en Job, de esta manera: Porro ad me dictum est verbum absconditum, et quasi furtive suscepit auris mea venas susurrii ejus. In horrore visionis nocturnae, quando solet sopor occupare homines. Pavor tenuit me, et tremor, et omnia ossa mea perlerrita sunt, et cum spiritus, me presente transiret, inhorruerunt pili carnis meae. Stetit quidam, cujus non agnosceban vultum, imago coram oculis meis, et vocem quasi aurea lenis audivi; y en romance quiere decir: De verdad a mí se me dijo una palabra escondida, y como a hurtadillas recibió mi oreja las venas de su susurro en el horror de la visión nocturna; cuando el sueño suele ocupar a los hombres ocupome el pavor y el temblor, y todos mis huesos se alborotaron; y como el espíritu pasase en mi presencia, encogiéronseme los pelos de mi carne, púsoseme delante uno cuyo rostro no conocía, era imagen delante de mis ojos, y oí una voz de aire delgado. En la cual autoridad se contiene casi todo lo que habemos dicho aquí hasta este punto, de este rapto, desde la canción XII, donde dice: «Apártalos, Amado»; porque en lo que aquí dice Elifaz, que se le dijo una palabra escondida, se significa aquello escondido que se le dio al alma, cuya grandeza no pudiendo sufrir, dijo:
Apártalos, Amado.
Y en decir que recibió su oreja las venas de su susurro como a hurtadillas, es decir la sustancia desnuda que habemos dicho que recibe el entendimiento; porque venas aquí denotan sustancia interior. El susurro significa aquella comunicación y toque de virtudes de donde se comunica al entendimiento la dicha sustancia entendida. Y llámale aquí susurro, porque es muy suave la tal comunicación, así como allí la llama aires amorosos el alma, porque amorosamente se comunica. Y dice que le recibía como a hurtadillas, porque, así como lo que se hurta es ajeno, así aquel secreto era ajeno del hombre, hablando naturalmente, porque recibió lo que no era de su natural, y así no le era lícito recibirlo, como tampoco a San Pablo le era lícito poder decir el suyo; por lo cual dijo el otro profeta dos veces: Mi secreto para mí; Secretum meum mihi, secretum meum mihi. Y cuando dijo: En el horror de la visión nocturna, cuando suele el sueño ocupar los hombres, me ocupó el pavor y temblor; da a entender el temor y temblor que naturalmente hace al alma aquella comunicación de arrobamiento que decíamos no podía sufrir el natural en la comunicación del Espíritu de Dios; porque da aquí a entender este profeta que, así como al tiempo que se van a dormir los hombres les suele oprimir y atemorizar una visión que llaman pesadilla, lo cual les acaece entre el sueño y la vigilia, que es en aquel punto que se comunica el sueño, así, al tiempo de este traspaso espiritual, entre el sueño de la ignorancia natural y la vigilia del conocimiento sobrenatural, que es el principio del arrobamiento o éxtasis, les hace temblor y temor la visión espiritual que entonces se les comunica. Y añade más, diciendo que todos sus huesos se asombraron o alborotaron; que quiere tanto decir como si dijera, se conmovieron o desencasaron de sus lugares; en lo cual se da a entender el gran descoyuntamiento de huesos que habemos dicho padecerse a este tiempo; lo cual dio bien a entender Daniel cuando vio al ángel, diciendo: Domine mi, in visione tua dissolutae sunt compages meae; esto es: Señor mío, en tu visión las junturas de mis huesos se han abierto. Y en lo que dice luego: Y como el espíritu pasase en mi presencia, es a saber, haciendo pasar al mío de sus límites y vías naturales por el arrobamiento que habemos dicho, encogiéronseme los pelos de mis carnes; da a entender lo que habemos dicho del cuerpo, que en este traspaso se queda helado y encogidas las carnes como muerto. Luego se sigue: Estuvo uno cuyo rostro no conocía, era imagen delante de mis ojos.
Este que dice que estuvo, era Dios, que se comunicaba en la manera dicha. Y dice que no conocía su rostro, para dar a entender que en la tal comunicación o visión, aunque es altísima, no se conoce ni ve el rostro y esencia de Dios; pero dice que era imagen delante de sus ojos, porque, como habemos dicho, aquella inteligencia de palabra escondida era altísima, como imagen y rostro de Dios; mas no se entiende que es ver esencialmente a Dios. Luego concluye diciendo: Y oí una voz de aire delicado, en que se entiende «el silbo de los aires amorosos», que dice aquí el alma que es su Amado. Y no se ha de entender que siempre acaecen estas visitas con estos temores y detrimentos naturales; que, como queda dicho, es a los que comienzan a entrar en estado de iluminación y perfección y en este género de comunicación, porque en otros antes acaecen con gran suavidad.
La noche sosegada.
En este sueño espiritual que el alma tiene en el pecho de su Amado, posee y gusta todo el sosiego y descanso y quietud de la pacífica noche, y recibe juntamente en Dios una abismal escura inteligencia divina, y por eso dice que su Amado es para ella «la noche sosegada».
En par de los levantes del aurora.
Pero esta noche sosegada no es de manera que sea como noche obscura, sino como la noche junto ya a los levantes de la mañana; porque este sosiego y quietud en Dios no le es al alma del todo obscuro como la obscura noche, sino sosiego y quietud en la luz divina y en conocimiento de Dios nuevo, en que el espíritu está suavísimamente quieto, levantado a la luz divina. Y llama aquí propiamente y bien a esta luz divina levantes del aurora, que quiere decir la mañana; porque, así como los levantes de la mañana despiden la obscuridad de la noche y descubren la luz del día, así este espíritu sosegado y quieto en Dios es levantado de la tiniebla del conocimiento natural a la luz matutinal del conocimiento sobrenatural de Dios, no claro, como dicho es, sino obscuro, como noche en par de los levantes del aurora; porque, así como la noche en par de los levantes, ni del todo es noche ni del todo es día, sino, como dicen, entre dos luces; así esta soledad y sosiego divino, ni con toda claridad es informado de la luz divina, ni deja de participar algo de ella.
En este sosiego se ve el entendimiento levantado con extraña novedad sobre todo natural entender a la divina luz; bien así como el que después de un largo sueño abre los ojos a la luz que no esperaba. Este conocimiento, entiendo, quiso dar a entender David cuando dijo: Vigilavi, et factus sum sicut passer solitarius in tecto; que quiere decir: Recordé y fui hecho como el pájaro solitario en el techo. Como si dijera: Abrí los ojos de mi entendimiento, y halléme sobre todas las inteligencias naturales, solitario sin ellas en el tejado; que es sobre todas las cosas de abajo. Y dice aquí que fue hecho semejante al pájaro solitario, porque en esta manera de contemplación tiene el espíritu las propiedades de este pájaro, las cuales son cinco. La primera, que ordinariamente se pone en lo más alto; y así, el espíritu en este paso en altísima contemplación. La segunda, que siempre tiene vuelto el pico hacia donde viene el aire; y así, el espíritu vuelve aquí el pico del afecto hacia donde viene el Espíritu de amor, que es Dios. La tercera es que ordinariamente está solo y no consiente otra ave alguna junto a sí, sino que en parándose alguna junto, luego se va; y así, el espíritu en esta contemplación está en soledad de todas las cosas del mundo y huye de todas ellas, ni consiente en sí otra cosa que soledad en Dios. La cuarta propiedad es que canta muy suavemente, y lo mismo hace a Dios el espíritu a este tiempo; porque las alabanzas que hace a Dios son de suavísimo amor, sabrosísimas para sí y preciosísimas para Dios.
La quinta es, que no es de algún determinado color; y así, es el espíritu perfecto, que no sólo en este exceso no tiene algún color de afecto sensual y amor propio, mas ni aun particular consideración en lo superior ni inferior, ni podrá decir de ello modo ni manera, porque es abismo de noticia de Dios la que posee, según se ha dicho.
La música callada.
En aquel silencio y sosiego de la noche ya dicha, y en aquella noticia de la luz divina, echa de ver el alma una admirable conveniencia y disposición de la sabiduría de Dios en las diferencias de todas sus criaturas y obras; porque todas ellas y cada una tienen una correspondencia con Dios, con que cada una en su manera de voz muestra lo que en ella es Dios; de suerte que le parece una armonía de música subidísima, que sobrepuja todos los saraos y melodías del mundo; y llama a esta música callada porque, como habemos dicho, es inteligencia sosegada y quieta, sin voces de mundo; y así, se goza en ella la suavidad de la música y la quietud del silencio; y así, dice que su Amado es esta música callada, porque en él se conoce y gusta esta armonía de música espiritual; y no sólo eso, sino que también es
La soledad sonora.
Lo cual es casi lo mismo que la música callada; porque, aunque aquella música es callada cuanto a los sentidos y potencias naturales, es soledad muy sonora para las potencias espirituales; porque, estando ellas solas y vacías de todas las formas y aprehensiones naturales, pueden recibir bien el sentido espiritual sonorísimamente en el espíritu de la excelencia de Dios en sí y en sus criaturas, según aquello que dijimos arriba haber visto San Juan en espíritu en el Apocalipsis; conviene a saber, voz de muchos citaredos que citarizaban en sus cítaras; lo cual fue en espíritu, y no de cítaras materiales, sino cierto conocimiento de las alabanzas de los bienaventurados, que cada uno en su manera de gloria hace a Dios continuamente; lo cual es como música; porque, así como cada uno posee de diferente manera sus dones, así cada uno canta su alabanza diferentemente, y todas en una concordancia de amor, bien así como música. A este mismo modo echa de ver el alma en aquella sabiduría sosegada en todas las criaturas, no sólo superiores, sino también inferiores, según lo que ellas tienen en sí cada una recibido de Dios, dar cada una su voz de testimonio de lo que es Dios. Y ve que cada una en su manera engrandece a Dios, teniendo en sí a Dios según su capacidad; y así, todas estas voces hacen una voz de música de grandeza de Dios y sabiduría y ciencia admirable; y esto es lo que quiso decir el Espíritu Santo en el libro de la Sabiduría cuando dijo: Spiritus Domini replevit orbem terrarum,: et hoc quod continet omnia, scientiam habet vocis; que quiere decir: El Espíritu del Señor llenó la redondez de la tierra; y este mundo que contiene todas las cosas que él hizo, tiene ciencia de voz. Que es la soledad sonora que decimos aquí conocer el alma, que es el testimonio que de Dios dan en sí todas ellas. Y por cuanto el alma recibe esta sonora música, no sin soledad y ajenación de todas las cosas las llama «la música callada y la soledad sonora»; la cual dice que es su Amado, y más:
La cena, que recrea y enamora.
La cena a los enamorados hace recreación, hartura y amor; y porque estas tres cosas causa el Amado en el alma en esta suave comunicación, le llama ella aquí «la cena que recrea y enamora». Es de saber que en la divina Escritura este nombre cena se entiende por la visión divina; porque, así como la cena es remate del trabajo del día y principio del descanso de la noche, así esta noticia que habemos dicho, sosegada, le hace sentir al alma cierto fin de males y principio de posesión de bienes, en que se enamora de Dios más de lo que antes estaba; y por eso le es a ella la cena, que recrea en serle el fin de los males, y la enamora en serle principio de posesión de todos los bienes.
Pero, para que se entienda mejor cómo sea esta cena para el alma, la cual cena, como habemos dicho, es su Amado, conviene aquí notar lo que el mismo Esposo amado dice en el Apocalipsis es a saber: Yo estoy a la puerta y llamo; si alguno me abriere, entraré y cenaré con él, y él conmigo: Ecce sto ad ostium, et pulso, si quis audierit vocem meam, et aperuerit Mihi januam, intrabo ad illum, et coenabo cum illo, et ipse mecum. En lo cual da a entender que él se trae la cena consigo, la cual no es otra cosa sino su mismo sabor y deleites de que él mismo goza; los cuales, uniéndose él con el alma, se los comunica y goza ella también; que eso quiere decir: yo cenaré con él, y él conmigo; y así, en estas palabras se da a entender el efecto de la divina unión del alma con Dios, en la cual los mismos bienes propios de Dios se hacen comunes también al alma esposa, comunicándoselos él, como habemos dicho, graciosa y largamente; y así, él mismo es para ella la cena que recrea y enamora; porque, en serle largo la recrea, y en serle gracioso la enamora.
Pero antes que entremos en la declaración de las demás canciones, conviene aquí advertir que no porque habemos dicho que en aqueste estado de desposorio en que habemos dicho que goza el alma de toda tranquilidad, y que se le comunica todo lo demás que se le puede comunicar en esta vida, se ha de entender que es en toda ella, sino que esta tranquilidad es según la parte superior; porque la sensitiva, hasta el estado de matrimonio espiritual, nunca acaba de perder sus resabios ni sujetar del todo sus fuerzas, como después se dirá; y que lo que se le comunica es lo más que se puede en razón de desposorio; porque en el matrimonio espiritual hay grandes ventajas; porque aunque en el desposorio en las visitas goza tanto bien el alma esposa, como se ha dicho, todavía padece ausencia y perturbaciones y molestias de parte de la porción inferior y del demonio; todo lo cual cesa en el estado del matrimonio.
Scripture echoes
- ↩John.14.2 — In my Father's house there are many rooms. If it were not so, would I have told you? I go to prepare a place for you.
- ↩John.1.3-John.1.4 — All things came into being through him, and apart from him not even one thing came into being that has come into being. John.1.4 — In him was life, and the life was the light of men.
- ↩2Cor.12.4 — that he was caught up into Paradise and heard inexpressible words, which it is not lawful for a person to speak.
- ↩2Cor.12.4 — that he was caught up into Paradise and heard inexpressible words, which it is not lawful for a person to speak.
- ↩1Kgs.19.12 — And after the earthquake came fire, but the LORD was not in the fire. And after the fire came a sound of thin silence.
- ↩Rom.10.17 — So then, faith comes from hearing, and hearing through the word of Christ.
- ↩Job.42.5 — I had heard of you with the hearing of my ear, but now my eye has seen you.
- ↩Job.42.5 — I had heard of you with the hearing of my ear, but now my eye has seen you.
- ↩Job.4.12 — Now a word was brought to me stealthily; my ear caught a whisper of it.
- ↩Job.4.14-Job.4.15 — Fear seized me, and trembling, and the multitude of my bones it terrified. Job.4.15 — Then a spirit passed before my face; the hair of my flesh stood up.
- ↩Job.4.16 — It stood still, yet I could not discern its form; a figure appeared before my eyes; silence, and I heard a voice.
- ↩Job.4.16 — It stood still, yet I could not discern its form; a figure appeared before my eyes; silence, and I heard a voice.
- ↩Job.4.16 — It stood still, yet I could not discern its form; a figure appeared before my eyes; silence, and I heard a voice.
- ↩Job.4.16 — It stood still, yet I could not discern its form; a figure appeared before my eyes; silence, and I heard a voice.
- ↩Rev.3.20 — Look, I stand at the door and knock. If anyone hears my voice and opens the door, I will come in to them and eat with them, and they with me.
Notes
- 1 ↩Spanish recogimiento is the Carmelite technical term for interior gathering/withdrawal; rendered as recollection to keep that sense while echoing recogióla (gathered her in).
- 2 ↩caridad y amor kept as charity and love, since the source pairs the theological virtue with love rather than collapsing them into one word.
- 3 ↩"En par de" is an older Spanish idiom meaning "alongside / beside"; rendered as "beside."
- 4 ↩Source reads «de lo bienes»; translated as the clearly intended «de los bienes» («with the goods I speak of»).
- 5 ↩Spanish "el alma y bien de todas ellas" treats God as both the soul and the good of all created things; rendered accordingly rather than as the human soul.
- 6 ↩Spanish keeps singular 'es' with plural 'Estas montañas' (Estas montañas es mi Amado), a mystical identification of the Beloved with the mountains rather than ordinary subject-verb agreement; English uses natural plural 'are'.
- 7 ↩Spanish pairs plural Estos valles with singular es, identifying the valleys as the one Beloved rather than treating them as a mere plural landscape.
- 8 ↩Spanish virtudes here means powers or properties of exotic creatures/things, not moral virtues.
- 9 ↩Spanish extraño carries both strange/marvelous and withdrawn/alien; the sentence defines both senses and applies them to God.
- 10 ↩no solamente... pero también rendered as not only... but also (older Spanish pero with the force of sino).
- 11 ↩no solamente... pero también again rendered as not only... but also.
- 12 ↩Golden-Age modestia here is taken as the oppressive distress of loud bodily sound (not moral modesty); sense secured by the contrast with greatness, strength, power, delight, and glory.
- 13 ↩Editorial marker (I) in the Spanish witness omitted in the English; the reference is to the Pentecost descent in Acts.
- 14 ↩Source has mismatched article el angustia; translated as the intended la angustia, 'anguish'.
- 15 ↩Read with ellipsis: as the bodily voice imprints sound on the ear, so the spiritual voice imprints understanding on the spirit.
- 16 ↩Virtus/virtud here is power or strength (matching the section's poder y fortaleza), not moral virtue.
- 17 ↩Source spelling 'Ecequiel' rendered as Ezekiel; common early-modern Spanish form of the prophet's name.
- 18 ↩'voz de virtud' rendered as 'voice of power,' following the prior section's use of virtud for the interior force of God's voice (cf. vocem virtutis), not merely moral virtue.
- 19 ↩Source has 'sustancia de ellas' (plural). The natural mystical sense, confirmed by the next section's 'sustancia de ella', is the substance of the soul; rendered accordingly.
- 20 ↩The Spanish compresses the second half of the parallel (touch via the will in the soul's substance; understanding in the soul's ear/intellect). The rendering follows that intended contrast.
- 21 ↩"en él" most naturally points to the union/touch just named; if read as the Beloved, the doctrinal sense is nearly the same.
- 22 ↩"Fruición" is kept as the technical theological term for fruitional enjoyment of God, not mere pleasure.
- 23 ↩San Juan presses the singular forms auris / oculus in Job 42:5; 'entendimiento pasivo' is rendered as the scholastic 'passive intellect'.
- 24 ↩fruición rendered as fruition (beatific enjoyment of God); accidentes kept as scholastic accidents; rayo de tinieblas kept as Dionysius’s ‘ray of darkness.’
- 25 ↩silbo kept as ‘whistle’ to match the Elijah soft-whistle imagery of the surrounding commentary; dijo is elliptical for the bride’s cry that follows (Apártalos, Amado).
- 26 ↩"Venas de su susurro" follows the Job wording John is expounding (Vulg. Job 4:12): "veins" is kept as the source image for interior substance, not modernized away.
- 27 ↩San Juan's technical phrase for an infused, secret intellection (a 'hidden word'), not ordinary conceptual speech.
- 28 ↩Spanish 'antes' is adversative here ('rather / on the contrary'), not temporal 'before'.
- 29 ↩Spanish «escura» is the older form of «oscura» (dark); «inteligencia» here is mystical understanding/knowledge rather than discursive intelligence. «Abismal escura inteligencia divina» names the dark, abyss-like knowledge of God received in this contemplative sleep.
- 30 ↩informado de la luz divina: rendered as 'informed...by the divine light' in the scholastic sense of being given form or filled by that light, not merely told about it.
- 31 ↩Spanish gloss Recordé (for Latin Vigilavi) is rendered "I awoke," matching Golden Age recordar = to awaken and the sleep/waking simile in s1; Vigilavi can also mean "I kept watch."
- 32 ↩Source is elliptical after y así ("y así, el espíritu en este paso en altísima contemplación"); supplied "is" to resolve the omitted verb. paso rendered as "stage."
- 33 ↩Spanish exceso here names the mystical overflowing/rapture of contemplation beyond the natural powers, not ordinary excess or excessiveness.
- 34 ↩In San Juan's mystical usage, noticia often means infused awareness or knowledge rather than ordinary 'news' or information; rendered here as 'knowledge'.
- 35 ↩Period Spanish for festive gatherings with music and dance; rendered as 'revels' to keep the worldly entertainment contrast without sounding archaic.
- 36 ↩Source Latin has an apparent punctuation slip (terrarum,: et); translated from the intended Wisdom reading without the stray colon.
- 37 ↩ajenación rendered as detachment (withdrawal from creatures), not moral alienation from God; Sanjuanist technical sense.
- 38 ↩Spanish "noticia ... sosegada" rendered as "quiet knowledge": in Juan de la Cruz, noticia often means mystical knowing/awareness rather than mere information.
- 39 ↩largo / largamente rendered as generous / generously (liberal abundance), not temporal length; paired with gracioso / graciously in the closing chiasm.
- 40 ↩desposorio rendered as betrothal (spiritual betrothal), contrasting with matrimonio espiritual / spiritual marriage, per San Juan's staged union vocabulary.
The Spiritual Canticle companion
A daily portion of stillness
Chosen Portion delivers one short contemplative reading and a guided moment of silence each day — the ascent, one step at a time.
Chosen Portion is the paced doorway into this collection: it portions the dense mystical treatises into one daily reading plus guided silence, exactly as the 14-day plan teaches.
- Daily bite-sized excerpts from the contemplative classics, never a wall of text
- A built-in timed stillness practice that grows from 2 minutes to 10
- Gentle progression through the tradition — the app remembers where you are on the ascent