Canción VIII
The Soul's Lament Over Earthly Life
The soul, having received illuminations from creatures, begins to complain about living in the body while its true life is in God.
Annotation for the following song Also concerning the other creatures, some illuminations come upon the soul in the way we have said—though not always so lofty—when God grants the favor of opening to it the knowledge and sense of their spirit, which seem to be conveying God's greatnesses that they never finish making known; and it is as if they are about to make them understood and then remain not understood; and so it is an I-don't-know-what that they keep stammering.12 And so the soul continues its complaint and speaks with the life of its soul, saying in the following song: But how do you endure, O life, not living where you live, and bringing on your death by the arrows you receive from what you conceive of the Beloved within yourself?3
The Pain of Delayed Union
The soul explains that it is dying of love but cannot die fully because the body delays its spiritual life, and it complains of the wounds of love received from the Beloved.
Exposition Since the soul sees herself dying of love (as she's just said), and yet she never finishes dying so she can enjoy love freely, she complains about the body's persistence, which delays her spiritual life.4 And so, in this song, she speaks to the very life of her soul, stressing the pain it causes her. And the meaning of the song is this: Life of my soul, how can you keep going in this life of flesh, since it is death to you and a deprivation of that true spiritual life of God in which, by essence, love, and desire, you live more truly than in the body? And even if this weren't reason enough for you to leave and free yourself from this body of death, so as to live and enjoy the life of your God, how can you still endure in such a fragile body? For beyond this, the wounds of love you receive from the grandeurs communicated to you by the Beloved are enough by themselves to end your life, since every one of them leaves you fiercely wounded with love; and so, for each thing of him you feel, you receive a touch and wound that kills with love.5
Living Where One Loves
The soul questions how it can endure not living where it truly lives, and the exposition explains that the soul lives more in what it loves than in the body, suffering from the conflict between natural and spiritual life.
But how do you endure, O life, Not living where you live?6 To understand these verses, you need to know that the soul lives more where it loves than in the body it animates, because in the body it doesn't have its life—rather, it gives life to the body—and it lives by love in what it loves. But besides this life of love by which the soul that loves God lives in him, the soul also has its life at the root and by nature in God, as do all created things, according to what St. Paul says: In ipso enim vivimus, et movemur, et sumus; In him we live and move and have our being—that is, in God we have our life and our movement and our being.7 And St. John says that everything that was made was life in God: Quod factum est, in ipso vita erat. And since the soul sees that it has its natural life in God through the being it has in him, and also its spiritual life through the love with which it loves him, it complains and grieves that a life so fragile in a mortal body can do so much as to keep it from enjoying a life so strong, true, and delightful as the one it lives in God by nature and by love. In this the soul's emphasis is strong, because it makes clear here that it suffers under two contraries: natural life in the body and spiritual life in God, which are contrary in themselves, since the one resists the other.8 And living in both at once, it necessarily suffers great torment, since the painful life blocks the delightful one—so much so that natural life is like death to it, because through natural life it is deprived of the spiritual life, in which it has all its being and life by nature, and all its operations and affections by love. And to make the harshness of this fragile life still clearer, it goes on to say:
Wounded by Arrows of Love
The soul describes how the touches of love from the Beloved are like arrows that wound it to death, and explains that these touches make it conceive of God's greatness and virtues.
And the arrows you receive cause you to die. As if to say: And apart from what's already been said, how can you remain in the body, since the touches of love alone—that is, the arrows—that the Beloved works in your heart are enough to take your life? These touches make the soul and the heart so fruitful with understanding and love of God that one can rightly say it conceives from God, as the next verse says: Of what you conceive of the Beloved in yourself. In other words: the greatness, beauty, wisdom, grace, and virtues you understand him to possess.
Read the original Spanish
Anotación para la canción siguiente
También acerca de las demás criaturas acaecen al alma algunas ilustraciones, al modo que habemos dicho, aunque no siempre tan subidas, cuando Dios hace merced de abrirle la noticia y sentido del espíritu de ellas, las cuales parece están dando a entender grandezas de Dios, que no acaban de dar a entender; y es como que van a dar a entender, y se quedan por entender; y así, es un no sé qué que quedan balbuciendo. Y así, el alma va adelante con su querella y habla con la vida de su alma, diciendo en la canción siguiente:
Mas ¿cómo perseveras, ¡Oh vida! no viviendo donde vives, Y haciendo porque mueras, Las flechas que recibes, De lo que del Amado en ti concibes?
DECLARACIÓN
Como el alma se ve morir de amor (según acaba de decir), y que no se acaba de morir, para poder gozar del amor con libertad, quéjase de la duración corporal, a cuya causa se le dilata la vida espiritual. Y así, en esta canción habla con la misma vida de su alma, encareciendo el dolor que le causa. Y el sentido de la canción es el que se sigue: Vida de mi alma, ¿cómo puedes perseverar en esta vida de carne, pues te es muerte y privación de aquella vida verdadera espiritual de Dios, en que por esencia, amor y deseo más verdaderamente que en el cuerpo vives? Y ya que esto no fuese causa para que salieses y librases del cuerpo de esta muerte, para vivir y gozar la vida de tu Dios, como todavía puedes perseverar en el cuerpo tan frágil; pues, demás de esto, son bastantes solo por sí para acabarte la vida las heridas que recibes de amor de las grandezas que se te comunican de parte del Amado, que todas ellas vehementemente te dejan herida de amor; y así, cuantas cosas de él sientes, tantos toques y heridas, que de amor matan, recibes.
Mas ¿cómo perseveras, ¡Oh vida! No viviendo donde vives?
Para inteligencia de estos versos es menester saber que el alma más vive donde ama que en el cuerpo donde anima, porque en el cuerpo ella no tiene su vida antes ella la da al cuerpo, y ella vive por amor en lo que ama. Pero, demás de esta vida de amor, por el cual vive en Dios el alma que le ama, tiene el alma su vida radical y naturalmente en Dios, como también todas las cosas criadas, según aquello de San Pablo, que dice: In ipso enim vivimus, et movemur, et sumus; En él vivimos y nos movemos y somos; que es decir: En Dios tenemos nuestra vida y nuestro movimiento y nuestro ser. Y San Juan dice que todo lo que fue hecho era vida en Dios: Quod factum est, in ipso vita erat. Y como el alma ve que tiene su vida natural en Dios por el ser que en él tiene, y también su vida espiritual, por el amor con que le ama, quéjase y lastímase que pueda tanto una vida tan frágil en cuerpo mortal, que la impida gozar una vida tan fuerte, verdadera y sabrosa como vive en Dios por naturaleza y amor. En lo cual es grande el encarecimiento que el alma hace, porque da aquí a entender que padece en dos contrarios, que son vida natural en cuerpo y vida espiritual en Dios, que son contrarios en sí, por cuanto repugna el una al otro. Y viviendo ella en entrambos, por fuerza ha de tener gran tormento, pues la una vida penosa le impide la otra sabrosa; tanto, que la vida natural le es a ella como muerte, pues por ella está privada de la espiritual, en que tiene todo su ser y vida por naturaleza, y todas sus operaciones y aficiones por amor. Y para dar más a entender el rigor de esta frágil vida dice luego:
Y haciendo porque mueras, Las flechas que recibes.
Como si dijera: Y demás de lo dicho, ¿cómo puedes perseverar en el cuerpo, pues por sí sólo bastan a quitaste la vida los toques de amor (que eso entiende por flechas) que en tu corazón hace el Amado? Los cuales toques, de tal manera fecunda el alma y el corazón de inteligencia y amor de Dios, que se puede bien decir que concibe de Dios, según lo dice en el verso siguiente:
De lo que del Amado en ti concibes.
Es a saber: De la grandeza, hermosura, sabiduría, gracia y virtudes que de él entiendes.
Notes
- 1 ↩Spanish 'noticia y sentido del espíritu' rendered as 'knowledge and sense of their spirit': noticia here is mystical acquaintance/awareness, not 'news'; sentido is felt spiritual perception.
- 2 ↩Kept San Juan's signature 'un no sé qué' as 'an I-don't-know-what' rather than paraphrasing away the deliberate ineffability.
- 3 ↩Spanish "haciendo porque mueras" uses older purpose-porque ("so that you die"), not causal "because": the arrows of love-knowledge drive the soul toward mystical death.
- 4 ↩"se le dilata la vida espiritual" rendered as delaying/postponing the spiritual life she longs for; alternatively, bodily duration could be read as prolonging her painful spiritual existence in this unfinished dying.
- 5 ↩Source "como todavía puedes" lacks interrogative accent/punctuation; rendered as "how can you still" from parallel rhetoric in s3 and the following section (CanticoEsp.1.11.6).
- 6 ↩Paradoxical gerund: the soul does not live where its true life is (in God by love), while still animating the body; neighboring prose (1.11.5, 1.11.7) confirms this sense.
- 7 ↩"vida radical y naturalmente": rendered as life "at the root and by nature," keeping the scholastic sense of radical (root) dependence on God rather than colloquial "radical."
- 8 ↩Source reads "repugna el una al otro"; translated as the intended "la una" (the one resists the other).
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