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Chapter 5CastilloInt.1.5

Terceras moradas, Capítulo 1. Trata de la poca seguridad que podemos tener mientras se vive en este destierro, aunque el estado sea subido, y cómo conviene andar con temor. - Hay algunos buenos puntos.

The Blessedness of Holy Fear

Teresa introduces the third dwellings, blessing those who fear the Lord, yet warns that no security exists in this life and that we must live always on guard against the enemy.

1. To those who by God's mercy have overcome these battles and by perseverance have entered the third dwellings, what can we say but, "Blessed is the one who fears the Lord"?✦ It hasn't been a small thing for His Majesty to make me understand now what the plain sense of this verse means at this stage — clumsy as I am in these matters.1 Certainly, we'll rightly call such a person blessed, because if they don't turn back, as far as we can tell, they're on a sure path to salvation. Here you'll see, sisters, how much it matters to win the battles that came before; because I'm certain the Lord never fails to set such a person in security of conscience, and that is no small good. I say 'in security' — and I spoke badly, for there is none in this life — and so always understand that I mean 'if they don't turn back and leave the path they've begun.' 2. It's a very great misery to live a life in which we always have to go about like people who have enemies at the door—who can neither sleep nor eat without weapons, and are always on edge for fear that the enemy might breach this fortress somewhere.2 O my Lord and my Good! How can You want anyone to desire such a miserable life? It's impossible not to want and ask You to take us out of it, except with the hope of losing it for Your sake or spending it earnestly in Your service, and above all, understanding that this is Your will. If it is Your will, my God, let us die with You, as Saint Thomas said—for to live without You, and with these fears that it may be possible to lose You forever, is nothing other than dying many times. That's why I say, daughters, that the blessedness we ought to ask for is already to be in safety with the blessed; for with these fears, what contentment can anyone have whose whole contentment is to please God? And consider that some saints who fell into grave sins had this fear, and a far greater one; and we have no assurance that God will give us His hand to get out of them and do the penance they did (this is understood of particular help).3

A Personal Confession of Unworthiness

Teresa confesses her own fear and unworthiness, urging her daughters to trust in God's mercy and to imitate the Virgin Mary, their patroness.

3. The truth is, my daughters, that I'm writing this with so much fear that I don't know how I write it, or how I go on living when it comes to mind—which it does very often. Ask Him, my daughters, that His Majesty may always live in me; because if that isn't so, what security can a life so badly spent as mine have? And don't be upset to understand that this is so—as I've sometimes seen in you when I tell you—and it comes from your wanting me to have been very holy, and you're right: I would have wanted that too; but what am I to do if I lost it by my own fault alone! For I will not complain that God failed to give me enough help for your desires to be fulfilled; I can't say this without tears and deep shame at seeing that I should write anything for those who can teach me.4 What hard obedience this has been! May it please the Lord that, since this is done for Him, it may help you somehow, so that you will ask Him to forgive this miserable, bold woman.5 But His Majesty well knows that I can presume only on His mercy; and since I can't stop being what I've been, I have no other remedy but to draw near to it and trust in the merits of His Son and of the Virgin, His mother, whose habit I wear unworthily—and so do you. Praise her, my daughters — for you truly are daughters of this Lady; and so you have no reason to be ashamed that I am so wretched, since you have such a good mother.6 Imitate her, and consider how great this Lady must be, and what a blessing it is to have her as your patroness — for neither my sins nor being the woman I am have been enough to tarnish this sacred Order in any way.

Warning Against False Security

Teresa warns her daughters not to feel secure because of their religious state, using David and Solomon as examples, and urges them to keep the verse 'Blessed is the one who fears the Lord' always in mind.

4. But I warn you of one thing: don't feel secure just because you are such daughters and have such a mother—for David was very holy, and you already see what became of Solomon. Don't count on the enclosure and penance you live in, either, and don't let continually speaking of God, practicing prayer so constantly, being so withdrawn from the things of the world, and seeming to yourselves to hate them, make you feel safe.7 All of this is good, but it isn't enough—as I've said—for us to stop fearing. So keep this verse going and bring it to mind many times: Beatus vir, qui timet Dominum.8

The Character of Souls in the Third Dwellings

Teresa describes the virtuous lives of those in the third dwellings and affirms that this state is a worthy disposition for God's further favors.

5. I no longer know what I was saying, for I've digressed a great deal, and when I come back to myself my wings break for saying anything good; and so I want to leave it for now.9 Coming back to what I began to tell you about the souls who have entered the third dwelling places—that the Lord hasn't done them a small favor in letting them pass the first difficulties, but a very great one—of these, by the Lord's goodness, I believe there are many in the world: they're very eager not to offend His Majesty; they even keep themselves from venial sins; they're fond of doing penance; they keep their hours of recollection; they use their time well; they practice works of charity toward their neighbors; and they're very well ordered in their speech, their dress, and the running of a household, those who have one. Certainly this is a state worth desiring, and one that, it seems, there's no reason to deny them entrance to the final dwelling place—nor will the Lord deny it to them, if they want it, for it's a lovely readiness for Him to grant them every favor.

The Cost of Going Deeper

Teresa explains that wanting to enter the King's chamber is not enough; more is required, using the rich young man as an example, and calls for humility and detachment from one's own works.

6. Oh Jesus! And who will say they don't want so great a good, when they've already especially gotten through the hardest part? No, none. We all say we want it; but since still more is needed for the Lord to possess the soul completely, it isn't enough to say so, just as it wasn't enough for the young man when the Lord told him that if he wanted to be perfect.10 Ever since I began to speak of these dwelling places I've been holding him before us; because we are just like that, to the letter, and most often the great drynesses in prayer come from this, though there are other causes too; and I leave aside some intolerable interior trials that many good souls have through no fault of their own—from which the Lord always brings them out with much gain—and also those of souls who have melancholy and other illnesses.1112 In short, in all things we have to leave God's judgments aside.13 What I myself take to be most ordinary is what I've said; because since these souls see that they would not commit a sin for anything—and many that they would not even commit a deliberate venial one—and that they spend their life and their means well, they cannot patiently bear having the door shut on them so they cannot enter where our King is, whose vassals they consider themselves, and whose vassals they are.14 But even though an earthly king may have many people here, not everyone enters as far as his private chamber. Enter, enter, my daughters, into the interior; go beyond your little works — for being Christians you must do all that and much more, and it's enough that you are servants of God; don't desire so much that you end up with nothing.15 Look at the saints who entered this King's chamber, and you'll see the difference between them and us. Don't ask for what you haven't deserved, and it should never even enter our minds that no matter how much we serve, we who have offended God will deserve it.

Humility and the Test of Love

Teresa insists that complaints about dryness often stem from a lack of humility, and that true love for God is proved by works and the resolve of the will, not by feelings.

7. Oh humility, humility! I don't know what temptation has a hold on me in this matter, that I can't quite bring myself to believe anyone who makes so much of these dry spells—except that it's a bit of a lack of humility.16 I mean I'm setting aside the great interior trials I've already spoken of—those are much more than a lack of devotion. Let's test ourselves, my sisters, or let the Lord test us—He knows how to do it well, though often we don't want to understand it—and let's come to these well-ordered souls, see what they do for God, and then we'll see how we have no reason to complain about His Majesty. For if we turn our backs on Him and go away sad, like the young man in the Gospel, when He tells us what we must do to be perfect, what do you want His Majesty to do? He has to give the reward according to the love we have for Him. And this love, daughters, must not be fabricated in our imagination, but proved by works; and don't think He needs our works—only the resolve of our will.

The Unprofitable Servant's Reward

Teresa warns that even religious who have left everything must regard themselves as unprofitable servants, and that we should seek to repay God's love rather than demand consolations.

8. It may seem to those of us in religious life—who chose this path freely, leaving behind everything we had for Him (even if it was only St. Peter's nets, for it’s enough that whoever gives what they have is giving a great deal)—that the work is already finished. That is a truly good disposition, provided she perseveres and doesn't get tangled up again in the vermin of the first rooms, even if only in her desires; for there is no doubt that if she persists in this nakedness and detachment, she will reach her goal.17 But this comes with a condition—and I’m warning you now—that she must regard herself as an unprofitable servant, as St. Paul or Christ says, and believe that she hasn't put Our Lord under any obligation to grant her such favors; on the contrary, as one who has received more, she remains more in debt.18 What can we do for so generous a God—who died for us, created us, and gives us life—but count ourselves fortunate that we can begin to repay something of what we owe Him for how He has served us (I say that word reluctantly, but the truth is He did nothing else throughout His life in the world), without asking Him for fresh favors and consolations?19

Dryness, Humility, and Self-Knowledge

Teresa concludes by urging her daughters to draw humility from dryness, to prefer the cross to consolations, and to ask the Lord to test them so they may know themselves.

9. Pay close attention, daughters, to some things noted here—though they're expressed rather roughly, since I don't know how to make them any clearer.20 The Lord will give you understanding of them, so that from dryness you may gain humility and not restlessness—which is what the devil is after. And believe that where true humility is found, even if God never gives consolations, He will give a peace and acceptance with which they walk more content than others do with consolations; for many times—as you have read—His divine Majesty gives consolations to the weakest; though I believe of those weak ones that they would not exchange them for the strength of those who walk in dryness.2122 We're more fond of consolations than of the cross. Test us Yourself, Lord—You who know the truths—so that we may know ourselves.

Read the original Spanish

1. A los que por la misericordia de Dios han vencido estos combates, y con la perseverancia entrado a las terceras moradas ¿qué les diremos, sino bienaventurado el varón que teme al Señor? No ha sido poco hacer Su Majestad que entienda yo ahora qué quiere decir el romance de este verso a este tiempo, según soy torpe en este caso. Por cierto, con razón le llamaremos bienaventurado, pues si no torna atrás, a lo que podemos entender lleva camino seguro de su salvación. Aquí veréis, hermanas, lo que importa vencer las batallas pasadas; porque tengo por cierto que nunca deja el Señor de ponerle en seguridad de conciencia, que no es poco bien. Digo en seguridad, y dije mal, que no la hay en esta vida, y por eso siempre entended que digo «si no torna a dejar el camino comenzado».

2. Harto gran miseria es vivir en vida que siempre hemos de andar como los que tienen los enemigos a la puerta, que ni pueden dormir ni comer sin armas, y siempre con sobresalto si por alguna parte pueden desportillar esta fortaleza. ¡Oh Señor mío y bien mío! , ¿cómo queréis que se desee vida tan miserable, que no es posible dejar de querer y pedir nos saquéis de ella si no es con esperanza de perderla por Vos o gastarla muy de veras en vuestro servicio, y sobre todo entender que es vuestra voluntad? Si lo es, Dios mío, muramos con Vos, como dijo Santo Tomás, que no es otra cosa sino morir muchas veces vivir sin Vos y con estos temores de que puede ser posible perderos para siempre. Por eso digo, hijas, que la bienaventuranza que hemos de pedir es estar ya en seguridad con los bienaventurados; que con estos temores ¿qué contento puede tener quien todo su contento es contentar a Dios? Y considerad que éste, y muy mayor, tenían algunos santos que cayeron en graves pecados; y no tenemos seguro que nos dará Dios la mano para salir de ellos y hacer la penitencia que ellos (entiéndese del auxilio particular).

3. Por cierto, hijas mías, que estoy con tanto temor escribiendo esto, que no sé cómo lo escribo ni cómo vivo cuando se me acuerda, que es muy muchas veces. Pedidle, hijas mías, que viva Su Majestad en mí siempre; porque si no es así, ¿qué seguridad puede tener una vida tan mal gastada como la mía? Y no os pese de entender que esto es así, como algunas veces lo he visto en vosotras cuando os lo digo, y procede de que quisierais que hubiera sido muy santa, y tenéis razón: también lo quisiera yo; mas ¡qué tengo de hacer si lo perdí por sola mi culpa! Que no me quejaré de Dios que dejó de darme bastantes ayudas para que se cumplieran vuestros deseos; que no puedo decir esto sin lágrimas y gran confusión de ver que escriba yo cosa para las que me pueden enseñar a mí. ¡Recia obediencia ha sido! Plega al Señor que, pues se hace por El, sea para que os aprovechéis de algo porque le pidáis perdone a esta miserable atrevida. Mas bien sabe Su Majestad que sólo puedo presumir de su misericordia, y ya que no puedo dejar de ser la que he sido, no tengo otro remedio, sino llegarme a ella y confiar en los méritos de su Hijo y de la Virgen, madre suya, cuyo hábito indignamente traigo y traéis vosotras.

Alabadle, hijas mías, que lo sois de esta Señora verdaderamente; y así no tenéis para qué os afrentar de que sea yo ruin, pues tenéis tan buena madre. Imitadla y considerad qué tal debe ser la grandeza de esta Señora y el bien de tenerla por patrona, pues no han bastado mis pecados y ser la que soy para deslustrar en nada esta sagrada Orden.

4. Mas una cosa os aviso: que no por ser tal y tener tal madre estéis seguras, que muy santo era David, y ya veis lo que fue Salomón; ni hagáis caso del encerramiento y penitencia en que vivís, ni os asegure el tratar siempre de Dios y ejercitaros en la oración tan continuo y estar tan retiradas de las cosas del mundo y tenerlas a vuestro parecer aborrecidas. Bueno es todo esto, mas no basta - como he dicho- para que dejemos de temer; y así continuad este verso y traedle en la memoria muchas veces: Beatus vir, qui timet Dominum.

5. Ya no sé lo que decía, que me he divertido mucho y, en acordándome de mí, se me quiebran las alas para decir cosa buena; y así lo quiero dejar por ahora. Tornando a lo que os comencé a decir de las almas que han entrado a las terceras moradas, que no las ha hecho el Señor pequeña merced en que hayan pasado las primeras dificultades, sino muy grande, de éstas, por la bondad del Señor, creo hay muchas en el mundo: son muy deseosas de no ofender a Su Majestad ni aun de los pecados veniales se guardan, y de hacer penitencia amigas, sus horas de recogimiento, gastan bien el tiempo, ejercítanse en obras de caridad con los prójimos, muy concertadas en su hablar y vestir y gobierno de casa, los que las tienen. Cierto, estado para desear y que, al parecer, no hay por qué se les niegue la entrada hasta la postrera morada ni se la negará el Señor, si ellos quieren, que linda disposición es para que las haga toda merced.

6. ¡Oh Jesús! , ¿y quién dirá que no quiere un tan gran bien, habiendo ya en especial pasado por lo más trabajoso? - No, ninguna. Todas decimos que lo queremos; mas como aun es menester más para que del todo posea el Señor el alma, no basta decirlo, como no bastó al mancebo cuando le dijo el Señor que si quería ser perfecto. Desde que comencé a hablar en estas moradas le traigo delante; porque somos así al pie de la letra, y lo más ordinario vienen de aquí las grandes sequedades en la oración, aunque también hay otras causas; y dejo unos trabajos interiores, que tienen muchas almas buenas, intolerables y muy sin culpa suya, de los cuales siempre las saca el Señor con mucha ganancia, y de las que tienen melancolía y otras enfermedades. En fin, en todas las cosas hemos de dejar aparte los juicios de Dios. De lo que yo tengo para mí que es lo más ordinario, es lo que he dicho; porque como estas almas se ven que por ninguna cosa harían un pecado, y muchas que aun venial de advertencia no le harían, y que gastan bien su vida y su hacienda, no pueden poner a paciencia que se les cierre la puerta para entrar adonde está nuestro Rey, por cuyos vasallos se tienen y lo son.

Mas aunque acá tenga muchos el rey de la tierra, no entran todos hasta su cámara. Entrad, entrad, hijas mías, en lo interior; pasad adelante de vuestras obrillas, que por ser cristianasdebéis todo eso y mucho más y os basta que seáis vasallas de Dios; no queráis tanto, que os quedéis sin nada. Mirad los santos que entraron a la cámara de este Rey, y veréis la diferencia que hay de ellos a nosotras. No pidáis lo que no tenéis merecido, ni había de llegar a nuestro pensamiento que por mucho que sirvamos lo hemos de merecer los que hemos ofendido a Dios.

7. ¡Oh humildad, humildad! No sé qué tentación me tengo en este caso que no puedo acabar de creer a quien tanto caso hace de estas sequedades, sino que es un poco de falta de ella. Digo que dejo los trabajos grandes interiores que he dicho, que aquéllos son mucho más que falta de devoción. Probémonos a nosotras mismas, hermanas mías, o pruébenos el Señor, que lo sabe bien hacer, aunque muchas veces no queremos entenderlo; y vengamos a estas almas tan concertadas, veamos qué hacen por Dios y luego veremos cómo no tenemos razón de quejarnos de Su Majestad. Porque si le volvemos las espaldas y nos vamos tristes, como el mancebo del Evangelio, cuando nos dice lo que hemos de hacer para ser perfectos, ¿qué queréis que haga Su Majestad, que ha de dar el premio conforme al amor que le tenemos? Y este amor, hijas, no ha de ser fabricado en nuestra imaginación, sino probado por obras; y no penséis que ha menester nuestras obras, sino la determinación de nuestra voluntad.

8. Parecernos ha que las que tenemos hábito de religión y le tomamos de nuestra voluntad y dejamos todas las cosas del mundo y lo que teníamos por El (aunque sea las redes de San Pedro, que harto le parece que da quien da lo que tiene), que ya está todo hecho. - Harto buena disposición es, si persevera en aquello y no se torna a meter en las sabandijas de las primeras piezas, aunque sea con el deseo; que no hay duda sino que si persevera en esta desnudez y dejamiento de todo, que alcanzará lo que pretende. Mas ha de ser con condición, y mirad que os aviso de esto, que se tenga por siervo sin provecho -como dice San Pablo, o Cristo- y crea que no ha obligado a Nuestro Señor para que le haga semejantes mercedes; antes, como quien más ha recibido, queda más adeudado. ¿Qué podemos hacer por un Dios tan generoso que murió por nosotros y nos crió y da ser, que no nos tengamos por venturosos en que se vaya desquitando algo de lo que le debemos, por lo que nos ha servido (de mala gana dije esta palabra, mas ello es así que no hizo otra cosa todo lo que vivió en el mundo), sin que le pidamos mercedes de nuevo y regalos?

9. Mirad mucho, hijas, algunas cosas que aquí van apuntadas, aunque arrebujadas, que no lo sé más declarar. El Señor os lo dará a entender, para que saquéis de las sequedades humildad y no inquietud, que es lo que pretende el demonio; y creed que adonde la hay de veras, que, aunque nunca dé Dios regalos, dará una paz y conformidad con que anden más contentas que otros con regalos; que muchas veces -como habéis leído- los da la divina Majestad a los más flacos; aunque creo de ellos que no los trocarían por las fortalezas de los que andan con sequedad. Somos amigos de contentos más que de cruz. Pruébanos, tú, Señor, que sabes las verdades, para que nos conozcamos.

Scripture echoes

  1. ↩Ps.112.1 — Praise the LORD. Blessed is the one who fears the LORD, who finds great delight in his commands.

Notes

  1. 1 ↩In Teresa's usage, 'romance' means the vernacular (Spanish) wording as opposed to Latin; rendered here as 'plain sense'.
  2. 2 ↩desportillar: chip/breach a wall; rendered as "breach" for the fortress metaphor.
  3. 3 ↩auxilio particular: special/particular divine help beyond ordinary grace; parenthetical clarifies Teresa is not denying God's general help.
  4. 4 ↩Spanish 'no me quejaré de Dios que dejó de darme bastantes ayudas' is read as refusing the complaint that God withheld sufficient help (fault remains hers), not as asserting that God in fact ceased to help.
  5. 5 ↩'porque le pidáis' taken as purpose/result ('so that you will ask'), common in Teresa's Spanish; a strictly causal reading ('because you ask') is less natural here.
  6. 6 ↩Señora / madre here is the Virgin Mary, continuing the previous section’s reference to her habit and merits; Golden Age Alabadle uses le for the feminine referent (leísmo).
  7. 7 ↩"ser tal" picks up the preceding address: true daughters of Our Lady / of this sacred Order. "hagáis caso" here means do not rely on / put confidence in, not merely "pay no attention to."
  8. 8 ↩Latin liturgical citation retained as Teresa quotes it. Sense: "Blessed is the man who fears the Lord" (Ps 111:1 Vulgate / Ps 112:1 Hebrew).
  9. 9 ↩Spanish divertido here means digressed / gone off the subject, not amused.
  10. 10 ↩"mancebo" is the rich young man of the Gospel invitation to perfection (sell all and follow).
  11. 11 ↩"le traigo delante" refers back to the Gospel young man of the previous sentence, kept as a standing example.
  12. 12 ↩"melancolía" here is Teresa's humoral/psychological melancholy, kept as "melancholy" rather than modern clinical depression.
  13. 13 ↩"dejar aparte los juicios de Dios": do not presume to scrutinize or settle God's inscrutable judgments; set them apart from our reckoning.
  14. 14 ↩"venial de advertencia" rendered as "deliberate venial" (committed with awareness), not mere inadvertent fault.
  15. 15 ↩Source reads 'cristianasdebéis' without a space; translated as the clear intended 'cristianas debéis' ('being Christians you must').
  16. 16 ↩"ella" refers back to humildad in the preceding exclamation; sequedades rendered as spiritual dry spells/aridities.
  17. 17 ↩desnudez y dejamiento: rendered as 'nakedness and letting go' to keep Teresa's image of stripped detachment rather than flattening it to generic renunciation.
  18. 18 ↩Teresa hedges the attribution ('as St. Paul says, or Christ'); the 'unprofitable servant' saying is Christ's in Luke 17:10. The hedge is preserved in the translation.
  19. 19 ↩nos ha servido: Teresa herself flags discomfort with saying God 'served' us; the parenthetical is preserved. regalos rendered as 'consolations' for her usual sense of spiritual delights/favors.
  20. 20 ↩Spanish arrebujadas suggests things bundled or muffled together clumsily; rendered as 'wrapped up rather roughly' to keep Teresa's self-deprecating tone without inventing a neater order than the source claims.
  21. 21 ↩regalos rendered as spiritual consolations (favors/sweetnesses), not material gifts; sequedades as spiritual dryness, standard Teresian usage.
  22. 22 ↩la in adonde la hay de veras taken as humildad from the preceding clause ('saquéis... humildad'); made explicit as 'true humility'.

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