The seventh chapitre. How a man schal have him in this werk agens alle thoughtes, and nameli agens alle thoo that risen of his owne coriousté of kunnyng and of kyndely witte.
Answer Every Thought with Naked Love
When a thought presses in asking what you seek, reply that you desire God alone, refuse to define Him, and trample the thought down with a stirring of love.
And if any thought rises and insists on pressing up above you, between you and that darkness, and asks you, saying: "What are you seeking, and what would you have?" Say that it's God you want. "Him I desire, Him I seek, and nothing but Him." And if he asks you what that God is, say that it's God who made you and bought you, and who has graciously called you to His love.✦ And say that of Him you can give no account.1 And therefore say: "Go back down again." And tread him firmly down with a stirring of love, even though he seems to you truly holy, and seems as if he would help you to seek Him.
The Snare of Holy Meditations
Seemingly holy thoughts about God's kindness, the Passion, and one's own wretchedness can lead to mental scattering, yet such meditations are necessary preparation before being set aside for the cloud of unknowing.
For perhaps he'll bring to your mind all kinds of very fair and wonderful points of His kindness, and say that He is very sweet and very loving, very gracious and very merciful. And if you'll listen to him, he wants nothing better; for in the end he'll chatter on like this more and more until he brings you down to the thought of His Passion.2 There, he’ll have you look at the wonderful kindness of God, and if you listen to him, that’s exactly what he wants. For soon after he'll let you see your old wretched way of life; and perhaps, in seeing and thinking about it, he'll bring to your mind some place you once lived in before now.3 So in the end, before you even realize it, your mind will be scattered, and you won't even know where you are. The cause of this scattering is that you first willingly listened to him, answered him, received him, and left him alone.4 Even so, what he said was good and holy—in fact, so holy that anyone who tries to reach contemplation without first engaging in many such sweet meditations on their own wretchedness, on the Passion, and on the kindness, great goodness, and worthiness of God, will surely go astray and fail in their purpose. And yet, nevertheless, a man or woman who has long been practiced in these meditations must leave them behind, and put them and hold them far down under the cloud of forgetting, if they are ever to pierce the cloud of unknowing between themselves and their God.5
The One‑Syllable Word as Shield and Spear
Lift your heart with a meek stirring of love toward God, fasten a single word like 'God' or 'love' to your heart, and use it to beat upon the cloud and strike down all thoughts.
So whenever you set yourself to this work and feel by grace that you are called by God, then lift up your heart to God with a meek stirring of love. And mean God with love—the One who made you, and bought you, and who has graciously called you to this work—and take in no other thought of God.6 And yet not all of these—only if you want them; for a naked intent directed to God is enough, without any other cause than Himself.7 And if you'd like to have this intent wrapped and folded into one word, so that you can hold onto it better, take only a little word of one syllable; for that is better than a word of two, since the shorter it is, the better it accords with the work of the spirit. And such a word is this word God, or this word love. Choose for yourself whichever you will, or another as you please: whichever one-syllable word you like best. And fasten this word to your heart, so that it never leaves there, no matter what happens. This word will be your shield and your spear, whether you ride in peace or in war. With this word, you'll beat on this cloud and this darkness above you. With this word, you'll strike down every kind of thought under the cloud of forgetting—so thoroughly that if any thought presses in on you to ask what you want, answer it with nothing but this one word. And if he offers you, out of his great learning, to explain that word to you and tell you its properties, tell him that you want it whole, and not broken or taken apart.89 And if you'll hold yourself firmly to this purpose, you can be sure he won't stay long. And why? Because you won't let it feed itself on such sweet meditations as were mentioned before.
Read the original Middle English
And yif any thought rise and wil prees algates aboven thee, bitwix thee and that derknes, and asche thee seiing: "What sekist thou, and what woldest thou have?" sey thou that it is God that thou woldest have. "Him I coveite, Him I seche, and noght bot Him." And yif he ascke thee what is that God, sey thou that it is God That maad thee and bought thee, and That graciously hath clepid thee to His love. And in Him sei thou kanst no skile. And therfore sey: "Go thou down agein." And treed him fast doun with a steryng of love thof he seme to thee right holy, and seme to thee as he wolde help thee to seke Hym.
For, paraventure, he wil bryng to thi minde diverse ful feire and wonderful pointes of His kyndnes, and sey that He is ful swete and ful lovyng, ful gracious and ful mercyful. And yif thou wilt here him, he coveiteth no beter; for at the last he wil thus jangle ever more and more til he bring thee lower to the mynde of His Passion. And there wol he lat thee see the wonderful kyndnes of God; and if thou here him, he kepeth no beter. For sone after he wil lat thee see thin olde wrechid leving; and paraventure, in seing and thinkyng therof, he wil bryng to thi mynde som place that thou hast wonid in before this tyme. So that at the last, er ever wite thou, thou schalt be scaterid thou wost never where. The cause of this scateryng is that thou herddist him first wilfuly, answeredist him, resceivedist him, and letest him allone.
And yit, nevertheles, the thing that he seide was bothe good and holy; ye, and so holy that what man or womman that wenith to come to contemplacion withoutyn many soche swete meditacions of theire owne wrechidnes, the Passion, the kyndenes and the grete goodnes and the worthynes of God comyng before, sekirly he schal erre and faile of his purpos. And yit, nevertheles, it behoveth a man or a womman, that hath longe tyme ben usid in theese meditacions, algates leve hem, and put hem and holde hem fer doun under the cloude of forgetyng, yif ever schal he peerse the cloude of unknowyng bitwix him and his God.
Therfore, what tyme that thou purposest thee to this werk, and felest bi grace that thou arte clepid of God, lift than up thin herte unto God with a meek steryng of love. And mene God love That maad thee, and bought thee, and That graciousli hath clepid thee to this werk; and resseive none other thought of God. And yit not alle theese, bot thee list; for it suffiseth inough a naked entent directe unto God, withouten any other cause then Himself.
And yif thee list have this entent lappid and foulden in o worde, for thou schuldest have betir holde therapon, take thee bot a litil worde of o silable; for so it is betir then of two, for ever the schorter it is, the betir it acordeth with the werk of the spirite. And soche a worde is this worde God or this worde love. Cheese thee whether thou wilt, or another as thee list: whiche that thee liketh best of o silable. And fasten this worde to thin herte, so that it never go thens for thing that bifalleth.
This worde schal be thi scheeld and thi spere, whether thou ridest on pees or on werre. With this worde thou schalt bete on this cloude and this derknes aboven thee. With this worde thou schalt smite doun al maner thought under the cloude of forgeting; insomochel that yif any thought prees apon thee to aske thee what thou woldest have, answere him with no mo wordes bot with this o worde. And yif he profre thee of his grete clergie to expoune thee that worde and to telle thee the condicions of that worde, sey him that thou wilt have it al hole, and not broken ne undon. And yif thow wilt holde thee fast on this purpose, sekir be thou he wil no while abide. And whi? For thou wilt not late him fede him on soche swete meditacions touchid before.
Scripture echoes
- ↩1Cor.6.20 — For you were bought with a price; therefore glorify God in your body.
Notes
- 1 ↩enm 'skile' here means reasoned skill/account rather than craft-skill; the force is that discursive reason cannot explain God.
- 2 ↩jangle rendered as 'chatter on' (idle, insistent talk); Middle English sense is babbling/prattling, not quarreling.
- 3 ↩leving rendered as 'way of life' (conduct/living), not merely biological life; wonid rendered as 'once lived in' (dwelt).
- 4 ↩letest him allone = left the thought undisturbed (failed to tread it down under the cloud of forgetting), not mere social neglect.
- 5 ↩Technical terms retained: 'cloud of forgetting' (cloude of forgetyng) and 'cloud of unknowing' (cloude of unknowyng). 'Algates' rendered as the force of necessity within 'must leave them behind' (still / in any case leave them).
- 6 ↩Middle English "mene God love" is read as intending God with love (bare loving meaning), with capitalized "That" taken as relative to God; an alternate parsing would treat "love" as an appellation for God.
- 7 ↩"naked intent" preserves the Cloud's technical term for bare loving intention stripped of discursive thoughts about God's attributes.
- 8 ↩ME 'clergie' here means learning/scholarship, not the clerical estate; rendered as 'learning'.
- 9 ↩ME 'condicions' means qualities/properties/senses of the word; rendered as 'properties'.
The Cloud of Unknowing companion
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