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Lorenzo de' Medici, Rappresentazione di San Giovanni e Paolo/Book 1 · La rappresentazione di san Giovanni e Paolo
Chapter 2RappGiovanniPaolo.1.2

La rappresentazione di san Giovanni e Paolo

The Angel's Prologue

An angel calls the audience to silence and introduces the holy drama of martyrdom and divine vengeance.

The Angel announces and says: Silence, you who are gathered here: you'll see a new and holy story; you'll see many devout things—examples of fortune so varied. Keep your voices quiet and don't say a word, especially when there's singing. The hard work is ours; the pleasure is yours—so don't spoil this feast for us.1 You'll see Saint Constance, cleansed of leprosy, convert with devotion; in a fiercely raging battle you'll see people taken and die; you'll see the empire change hands a second time, and the martyrdom of John and Paul; and then the apostate Julian die as vengeance for Christian blood. The Company of our Saint John puts on this feast, and we're still only young men: so excuse our tender years if the verses aren't good or truly well spoken; nor do little boys know how to wear a lord's clothes, or how to play old men or women. We'll perform simply and with love; bear with our age for any mistakes.

The Vision of Saint Agnes

Relatives of Saint Agnes share their miraculous visions of the saint, confirming her heavenly glory.

First relative of Saint Agnes.2 Perhaps I'd be wiser to keep the truth quiet than to tell it to you and seem a liar; but since we're kin and of one bloodline, I won't keep that caution when I speak—because even if in speaking I fall into error, I don't err: when I look carefully in your face, this close bond of blood makes it so that among us everything is well said.3 I want to tell you this story. In this last night that's just passed, I wasn't sleeping and I wasn't fully awake: the holy virgin who had died appeared to me—Agnes, who died; today is the sixth day—joyful, devout, and dressed in white. With her was a humble, pure-white lamb, and a company of many other virgins.4 And, consoling our grief over her holy death with sweet words, she said: "You're wrong if it grieves you that I've reached such great and full glory: outside the shadow of the world I now see the sun, and I hear the angelic choir singing; so put an end, dear kin, if you still love me, to your sorrow and laments." The second relative. Don't say another word about it: you've drawn from my mouth what I wanted to say—but with fear, afraid of saying something foolish. To me as well, while I was at the tomb to keep watch so that no one else would touch her, this holy and pure virgin appeared: she was coming with the Lamb, with the virgins. So I saw her as if she were alive. Third relative. It won't be believed, and yet it's true. I saw her too, and I heard what she said; I don't mean while sleeping or only in my thoughts, but with my eyes open and fixed.5 I began, and I didn't finish the whole of it: "O holy and beautiful virgin."6 .7 .8 Then she set out on her way to return to the holy Kingdom; I stayed alone and glad, in sweet tears. The first relative, once again. Although no one who isn't very holy should put faith in such deceptive visions—since they are often temptations from the devil—this one could still come from God, because she appeared to more than one person. We must thank God, ask for mercy, and rejoice in this blessed woman; for we have an advocate in paradise.9

Costanza's Healing

Costanza, suffering from leprosy, is healed through the intercession of Saint Agnes and returns to her father, Constantine.

Constance. Wretched me! What good does it do me to be the daughter of the one who rules and governs the whole world? or to have a large household of maids and servants, wealth, and youth?10 Honor does me no good, nor being loved beyond measure, if my young body is made ugly by leprosy. I will not give my father grandchildren or a son-in-law, since my tender body is all ulcerated. It would have been better if this grieving soul had never been nourished in my body; and even if it did come into it, it would have been better if it had fled quickly in my earliest years. Truly, one death is sweeter than dying every hour in this life—and it is better to give my old father a single torment than, living like this, to give him a hundred. A servant of Costanza. Even if I'm presuming too much or being a nuisance, my lady, I'll still say what I think: when an illness has no remedy at all, people turn to new and strange measures. Neither medicine nor effort nor any man can take this illness from you, so trying new remedies is my advice—for where skill falls short, God abounds.11 I've heard it said by more than one person that Agnes, who was martyred, has appeared in a vision to her relatives, and for that reason she's believed to be blessed. I'd try going with devotion to where this saint is buried: commend yourself to her in a humble voice—and it's no harm to try what does no harm. Constancy. I've already done so many things in vain that I still want to spend these few steps; if my body is to become well, this is little effort: I'll take it on; and perhaps my going will not be in vain. Already I feel my heart kindling in devotion; already it foretells my healing. Come on—let's go with only a few companions.12 Costanza, once she has come to the sepulcher of Saint Agnes, says: O holy Virgin, enemy of every pomp and show, and full of the love of God, by the merits of the chaste blood you shed I beg you: turn your eyes to my longing. Have pity on this tender, ruined body; have pity on my old father. Though I don't deserve it, O blessed Virgin, give me back to my old father sound and clean. She falls asleep; and Saint Agnes comes to her in a vision, saying: Rejoice, blessed daughter. God has heard your prayer and answered it; it has been accepted by Him because it comes from true devotion, and you have been set free, clean and pure.13 Give thanks to God, for you have reason to; and for this wonderful gift, always love God and hate vice. Costanza wakes and says: It's really true. I can hardly believe it, and yet I see and touch that my body is clean: all the sickness that was on me has fled; I'm as pure as the day I was born.14 O wonderful God, what moved you to show me this grace? And how can I respond? Not my goodness or my past merits, but the merits of Agnes have moved your pity.15 The sweet fragrance of her pure face rose like incense before your presence; and so I, having been left completely healed, make a vow to you, O blessed Jesus: that while this brief life lasts, I will keep my heart chaste and clean for you; and may the body I now feel clean outwardly also, by your grace, be clean within.16 Turning to those with her, she says: My dear ones, you see these limbs that the supreme medicine has made clean. Join me in giving thanks to God for his wonderful divine mercy.17 Whoever walks in the fear of God reaps fruits like these with sweetness. Let's go home, still praising God, to bring this joy to my father. As she goes home: O God, who do not leave even human extremes without your grace—and who would ever have believed that from a leprosy so many blessings would be born? My illness has proven so useful and wholesome; I must now confess that my sufferings are sweet. O holy sickness, born for my good—you have cleansed the body and purged the soul! And when she reaches her father, she says: Here is your daughter, who was a leper, returning to you with a body fair and clean; healed with perfect and true health, because both body and mind are sound. I am so overjoyed, and the full joy, O dear father, comes for your sake; because God wondrously strips me of the leprosy and you of such great grief.18 Constantine, the father, answers: My daughter, I feel such sweetness that my joy seems almost to spill over; and for tenderness I can't keep sweet tears from falling from my eyes. Sweet hope of my old age, I can't believe it until I touch you. And saying this, he takes her hand: It's really true.19 Oh, what a great unheard-of thing! But tell me, my daughter: who healed you? Costanza replies: No doctor healed me of this illness—it was divine care. I went devout and contrite to that holy tomb of Agnes; I made a prayer, and it was heard in heaven; then I slept; then I woke clean and pure. Then I made a vow, dear father of mine, that my spouse and your son-in-law would be God.20 Constantine replies: This is certainly a great and marvelous thing: I don't know who did it, and knowing is no use. Enough: if my daughter stays well, let it be whoever it may—this has been a great proof.21 Come on—let's all rejoice and celebrate. Steward, go ahead and find something for a meal.22 Have jesters and singers come before me at once—anyone who plays and dances.

Gallicanus and the Imperial Dilemma

Gallicanus returns victorious and demands Costanza's hand, forcing Constantine into a difficult political negotiation.

Into this rejoicing Gallicanus returns from Persia in victory, and says: I've returned to you, sacred Augustus—and I don't know how, through so many dangers. I've subjugated that fierce, sturdy people, and I don't believe they'll take up arms against you again.23 Throughout all Persia your high and just scepter is now held; and with the sword I made the rivers run stained with scarlet blood: they are tamed and conquered forever.24 Through iron and fire, among the wounded and the dead, I and your bold, strong knights sought victory with the sword: the world will always remember us.25 I know well that you realize how much this matter means to your state and your glory: if it had gone the other way, the Roman name and the kingdom would have been lost.26 Even though glory and serving a worthy lord should be a great reward to a noble heart, the labor, the spirit, and the skill—even if I kept silent—still ask for a prize. If you give me half of this kingdom, I don't believe, by my faith, that you'd pay me enough; but a lesser thing pays me well enough, if I can have your daughter Constance as my wife.27 Augustus answers—that is, Constantine: Welcome to my great captain; welcome to the bold strength of my empire; welcome to the worthy and faithful Gallicanus, subduer of that proud, fierce people; welcome back, my right hand, and the man in whose strength and valor I put my trust; welcome to him who, as long as he lives, keeps our empire and our glory secure. Every work and labor looks for its reward, and your merits with me are great: and if you expected that reward to be paid out, I never could have paid you. Giving you my daughter is certainly a great thing, and Gallican, you know how much I love her; a devoted father's love is surely a great thing, but your merit outweighs it and is greater still. If it weren't for you, she wouldn't be the daughter of an emperor who commands the world; so if others wonder at this and blame me, this is my answer to them. I believe she, my entire family, and the whole nation will be glad of it, and from this I'll have as much joy and glory as I have from the great victory. Right now I want to go, Gallicanus, and say something to my daughter Costanza; I'll come back resolved soon enough.28 In the meantime, don't mind waiting here.29 As he leaves, he says: Oh, what an ignorant head! Oh, what an empty mind!30 Oh, what unheard-of pride! Oh, what arrogance! And so, having won has become a burden to me. if victory brings this along with it. What am I going to do? Should I give my beautiful daughter, who is so dear to me, to a subject?31 If I don't give her, I put the State in great danger. And who can set this right?32 I'm miserable! There's no clean bite of it: Fortune is so stingy with her goods.33 Often, the person who calls Constantine happy is far better off than I am—and they aren't telling the truth. Once he arrived in Costanza, he said, "I've come to see you, dear daughter, with my eyes, just as I see you with my heart." Costanza. "Father, I see a sign between your brows that tells me you're in pain, and it brings me both grief and wonder." "Sweet father, if you love me, tell me what is causing this distress."34 and if there's anything I can do to fix it. Tell me, father, without holding anything back. I'm your daughter, so I can offer you comfort; after God, I look only to you, if only I can bring you some joy.35 Constantine. I'm late in telling you this. Pity moves me for my old age and for your youthful body, which, healthy36 is made so that Gallicanus may ask for it.37 Costanza. Father, please, control your grief. I understand exactly what you mean. Great God, who is a generous Lord, won't withhold his grace at this point.38 I see where such pain in your heart comes from: if you give Gallicanus what he's dared to ask for, you wrong both yourself and me; and if I don't take him as my husband, the kingdom is in great danger.39 When a course of action stings from every side, and the matter isn't well settled or clear, I've heard it said that the wise man draws things out, gives fair words, and waits for time. Though my wit doesn't reach very high, father, I'd say you should promise me to him: do everything you can to reassure him, and then send him on this new enterprise.40 Though I may sound presumptuous — a girl, a woman, and your daughter — if I advise you in this matter that is mine, wise, experienced, and old as you are, my father: you can tell him how dangerous the war in Dacia is, and that you mean to grant him every wish of his; and so he'll believe you aren't deceiving him, offer Paul and John as security. Send these hostages, so he'll understand that I'll be his wife, since that's what he wants; and on the other hand, have him give you back Attica and Artemia, his dear daughters.41 There'll be plenty to do in this war, and time usually settles many things. Constantine: Daughter, what you've told me pleases me very much: I'm glad, and I'll put it into effect soon. Aside, while he returns from Gallicano: Praised be the one who breathes into you goodness, prudence, and love, my daughter.42 I've set fear and anger aside, so Gallicano will be content; honor will be kept safe, and honor pulls everything else along with it, no matter how dear that thing may be.43 Once this time and that danger have passed, we'll see then what the better counsel is. And, having reached Gallicanus: I come back to you with more joy than I left with, and Costanza agrees to be your wife.44 I'm that much happier, the more doubt I had in my mind. She seemed set on a quiet life, without a husband or dealings with people.45 Wonderfully cleansed of that illness of hers, beautiful, she consents to you—healthy and joyful.46 I'd say: let's hold the wedding today and cheer this land with it; but if it seems right to you, let's wait a little while—because you know well how hard rebel Dacia presses and hems us in, surrounding us on every side; and it's no good mixing a wedding with war. But after the victory, if you like, we'll hold the wedding more contentedly in peace. I know well that you desire Costanza, but you care more for your honor and for my State—or rather for yours, since this empire is yours, because your virtue has preserved it. I give you my word, Gallicanus, and I speak the truth: you will take Giovanni, who is dear to me, and beloved Paulo with you; and let these be the sureties: Artemia and your Attica will stay here with me.47 You'll be a father to my two dear ones, and Costanza will be a mother to your daughters—not a stepmother—and you can be sure she'll treat them as if they were her own. I hope in the gods' help, but far more in your great valor, that against the Dacians we'll win a swift victory.48 Costanza is yours; then we'll hold the wedding feast. Gallicanus: Nothing, O sacred emperor, do I desire more than to satisfy you and to preserve both your State and my own honor; without that, Constance is a torment to me.4950 I hope to return soon as victor; I know this fire will soon be put out: the foreign people will learn, to their cost, the strength and valor of this hand.51 When an undertaking holds grave danger within it, don't waste time on the campaign: once it's been thought through with mature and sound counsel, it then needs swift execution. So without further delay I take the road: I'll hold Paul and John in love as brothers or as sons still; and I entrust my Costanza to you.5253 O trusted Alessandro, you'll go at once; make sure Attica and Artemia are present here. And you, Anton, find plenty of money, and quickly dispatch all my troops. O strong knights, who with me were never defeated, o mighty knights reared in the rust of iron—we'll win again: I know I'm not wrong.54

The Conversion of the Daughters

Gallicanus departs for war, leaving his daughters in the care of Costanza, who leads them to faith and virginity.

Gallicano, once his daughters have arrived, says to Constantine: I can't tell you with dry eyes what I would want for my dear daughters. I’m leaving them with you so they may be your daughters. Fortune usually holds sway in war; I'm going far away, many and many miles, among people she still means to conquer: though I hope to come back victorious, the going is certain, and the return is in doubt.55 Turning to his daughters, he says: "And you, my daughters—since it's his will that I go on this campaign for my lord—pray to Jupiter that I bring back victory or peace safe and sound, and return with honor. If my body is left there and lies dead, the emperor will be your father; for him I gladly give my life. Let my Constance be honored by you." One of Gallicanus's daughters: When we think, dear father of ours, that we may never see you again, tears fill our eyes and cover our sorrowful breast.56 And where are you leaving your daughters? A thousand thousand times already I've cursed weapons and war, and whoever caused them. Even though you've shown us a good and worthy father, still we would want our own sweet father.57 The other daughter, to Constantine: High and worthy lord, ah, why do you want us left almost as orphans and wards? Spare our father from this enterprise, if you can: there are a thousand like him, but we have no other father left; grant us this, for you can; set our hearts at rest.58 Constantine: Come now, don't cry: your Gallicanus59 you'll soon return victorious and unharmed. Gallicanus turns to Constantine and says: I want to kiss your foot, sovereign lord, before I leave, and my daughters’ faces.60 And believe that your faithful Gallicanus keeps careful watch over your John and Paul: one at my right hand; at my left I’ll keep the other, so he won’t be taken from me; if you hear of any injury or wrong done to them, you can say for certain: Gallicanus is dead.61 Then, turning to the knights, he says: Come on, knights—baked black by the sun, by the sun of Persia, which burns so hot! Our emperor wants to test us now among the ice and snow of Dacia: virtue is used to conquering heat and cold; in the end, it counts danger and death as nothing. But first, let's make a sacrifice to Mars, for without God, strength or skill is worth little.62 Having said this, he makes a sacrifice in some place where he will not otherwise be seen; then he sets out with the army and goes off on the expedition to Dacia. Costanza to Attica and Artemia, whom she converts: O my dear sisters, beloved in God, O dear Artemia, O my sweet Attica; I believe your father gave you to me not only for faith or for my company, but so that I may return you to him healthy, joyful, and blessed when he has come back; and I don't know how I can do this well if I don't first return you sound to God. My dear, sweet sisters, know that this body was once disfigured by leprosy; yet these limbs are now clean and purified by the author of all good things—God, who does everything. To Him I vowed my virginity until death destroys this body, and I want to serve Him with all my heart; it doesn't feel like a burden to anyone who has true love.63 I encourage you, by my example, to give this life—which is brief and deceitful—gladly and wholeheartedly to God, while fleeing what the blind world delights in. If you turn every desire toward him, you'll have true peace in this life, the grace to win victory against the devil, and then, in the life to come, eternal glory. Artemia. My lady, I don't know how you've done it. Through the holy words you've spoken, I feel my heart completely melted and my virgin breast burning with love of God. All at once I felt stirred, just as when you spoke and opened my understanding; now, in love with God, I'm ready to follow the holy way you've set before me. Attica. And I, my lady, have already set a hatred on the world, as if it were a mortal enemy: I promise God to keep my body pure—and I say this to you with my mouth and with my heart.64 Costanza. Blessed be the high and fruitful God, and in his name I bless you.65 Now we are true sisters, as I see it. Come, let's praise our Father God. Costanza, Artemia, and Attica all three sing together: To you be praise, O perfect Charity, who have filled our heart with charity; may the love that pours forth these sweet prayers reach your ears, O gracious Lord: accept these three virgin bodies and keep them always in your love.66 You already fell in love with the Virgin: receive, O our Bridegroom, these chaste hearts.67

The Defeat and Conversion of Gallicanus

Gallicanus suffers military defeat but is converted to Christ through the guidance of John and Paul.

Gallicano's address to the soldiers: O brave knights, in the pavilion a captain should be grave and deliberate; but when the season for fighting comes, he should be strong and bold, without fear. A man who sets victory as his goal doesn't count swords, stones, lances, or darts. There is the enemy, and he’s already showing fear: come on, let’s charge in—the victory is ours.68 He engages the enemy, his entire army is shattered, and left alone with Giovanni and Paulo, he says: "So this is the victory I bring back!" This is the state of the emperor!69 Alas! It would have been better for me if I had died in Persia, for then I would have died with honor! But Fortune has spared me wrongly, so that I might see so much of my sorrow.70 If only I had died this day! for I don't know how I can go back to Constantine.71 Giovanni. When Fortune turns things against you, you should always take it that it's for the good. If you have lost your men today, thank God, for this comes from him. Anyone who never wins a victory over himself will never defeat the enemy; no one is allowed to conquer others if he doesn't know how to conquer himself. Perhaps God has brought you to this today so that you might come to know yourself. And if you've already broken the enemy's army, without God not a leaf turns on a branch.72 Whatever a mortal, corrupted person can do on their own is nothing but sin and sorrow. So know yourself, then, and put your faith in God, from whom every good thing comes. Paul. Don't believe that your virtue and glory, your strength and skill, Gallicanus, won you victory with such honor; God placed the power in your hand. Because you had too much vanity and arrogance, God took the honor from you little by little, to show your puffed-up desires that He is the one who gives victory and takes it away.73 But if you want this defeat to do you any good, turn back to God—to the sweet God Jesus. The idol of Mars is a corrupt thing; put it out of your mind and never worship it again. Then you'll see new people brought here in great numbers, and of greater virtue. Humble yourself before Jesus, who is high and strong, for he humbled himself even to death. Gallicanus. I don't know how I'll be acceptable to Jesus if I humble myself before him as I've been told to do, because I seem forced by necessity into this wretched state he's put me in. I've heard some Christian say that God loves the one who's ready to give him the heart gladly and of free will: my misery in me shows the opposite. John. In every place and time, God accepts every worker in his vineyard; and the gentle, devout master of the household still gives his wage even to the one who arrives late. Just give him your whole desire, and you'll reap a hundredfold for every measure. Kneel to God with body and heart, and he will repay you with people and honor.74 Gallicano kneels and says: O great God, I adore your power now, and I confess that I am a lowly worm. If it pleases your great majesty, grant me victory today; if it doesn't please you, I will have patience.75 Into your will, God, I have entrusted myself: ready and firm not to worship anyone else any longer but you, sweet Lord Jesus. Giovanni—all three of you, kneel: O God, you who gave Joshua the daring and the grace to even stop the sun; who made a thousand flee before one man alone, and two drive ten thousand away; who made the deadly stone fly from the sling to kill Goliath—grant strength and grace now to this hand of your humbled Gallicanus. An angel appears to Gallicano with a cross around his neck and says: O humble Gallicano, a contrite heart is a sacrifice most acceptable to God; and so he has heard your humble prayers and has now turned merciful toward your desire. Go with good heart, bold into this enterprise, for the kingdom will be taken from the enemy king; he will give you a great and valiant army: the cross will forever be your standard. Gallicanus, on his knees on the ground: This is not what Gallicanus's proud heart and my vainglory deserved: you have given me hope in your word, and already I see the victory as certain. O God, I keep my sincere faith for you, and I will remember the false gods no more. But this new host—where does it come from now?76 From God alone, the author of every good of mine.

The Siege and Victory

Gallicanus, now a Christian, leads a miraculous siege to victory and renounces his marriage to Costanza.

And, turning to those soldiers who had arrived so remarkably, he says: O fiercest and hardiest men, let us quickly lay siege to the city. Quickly let the bombards be brought here (God is with us—and they'll have no remedy), culverins, arquebuses, and swivel guns, so they don't keep us too long at this wearisome work; fascines and sappers: the land is already won, nor can it get relief from the field, being surrounded.7778 Build the wicker screens and set up the shelters for the cannons, and make sure the bridges are sturdy. Keep the gunners safe so they aren't killed by the artillery. And you, knights—stay armed and form the escort, watchful and alert, so the besieged lose heart and our cannons aren't spiked. You, Giovanni, see to the fodder and straw so the camp doesn't go short; have baked bread and every kind of provision brought in—and Paulo will go with you. Have scaling ladders built so the men can climb up. When the time for battle comes, let each man be ready to do his part. Leave Gallican alone to take charge of everything.79 Have all the trumpeters gather immediately and make the usual proclamation, for I intend to give battle soon. Let the army stand ready at my command: whoever is first to scale the walls, I award him a thousand ducats as a prize; five hundred, and then a hundred, to the next two; and everyone's pay is doubled.8081 Trumpeter. On behalf of the undefeated captain, this is made known to those who stand around: if the land is not handed over at once to the army, it will be given over to plunder; and Gallicanus will show no more mercy after that; and whoever then suffers the harm can take the loss himself.8283 He is willing to reward the first men over the walls with a thousand, five hundred, and a hundred, according to their rank.84 The battle is fought, and they capture the king. The captive king says: 'Anyone who puts his trust in kingdoms and states and pridefully scorns the high gods—let him look now at this city given over to plunder and at me in chains, and learn a lesson from my wretched fate.' My sons, here are the realms I gave you—here is the inheritance of my fathers! You and I—wretched!85 One chain binds us; the victor leads us away with the rest of the spoils.86 And, turning to Gallicanus, he says: And you, into whose hands Fortune has given our life and all our fate—let it be enough for you that you've defeated and subjugated me, burned the land, and killed the strong people; and don't leave me alive in my old age only so I must then watch my sons die. To conquer, you must put forth every power—but after victory, use clemency. I know you're magnanimous and noble, and I know that pity is always born in a noble heart. If my old age doesn't move you, let innocence and tender youth move you. Killing a bound captive is a base thing, and everyone praises and honors clemency. The kingdom is yours; leave us only our lives, which you lend me for such a short time. The prince, one of the king's sons, says: We, his innocent and wretched children (since Fortune has struck us so hard), beg you, if it pleases you, to spare all our lives; and if that cannot be granted, let our old father live, and then we don't care if we are taken from life. If you still intend to kill us all, at least grant us the grace of dying first.87 Gallicanus. Your pity has so touched my heart that I almost regret having won: in every contest only one is the winner, and the one who's beaten has to stay content. I feel pity and pain for both ages, and I still feel the lesson of Fortune as well; so I gladly grant you your lives until I am brought to Constantine.88 The messenger who brings Constantine the news of victory speaks like this: O emperor, I bring good news. Your Gallicanus has taken that city; and I believe the king is either captive or dead. I saw the whole land set ablaze. Because I wanted to be the first to bring you such comfort, I don't know the specific details of the campaign. That is enough—the land is ours, and that much is certain. Give me a good drink—I've earned it.89 Constantine. Still, I wouldn't want to make a mistake by believing such news is true. This man brings no letters from Gallicanus; they carry the lie in their mouth and the truth in their breast.90 Go ahead—have him thrown in prison at once. They'll bloom if these really are roses: if it's true, you'll get a good drink; if not, you'll regret this trip.91 Gallicanus returns and says to Constantine: Look—your victorious captain comes back to you from the terrible war, loaded with honor, spoils, and prisoners; look, here is the king who was once lord of that land. But know that at first it went the wrong way—because anyone who undertakes a great deal often still makes mistakes. Still, with the help God has granted us, we've brought the land and the kingdom under our power.92 The captive king says to Constantine: O emperor, I was once a lord, too; now my sons and I are servants and prisoners. If Fortune, God's minister, has willed this, let everyone take it as an example; and, warned by my condition, let no one marvel at adverse turns of fate.93 Victory is an excellent gift of God, but greater still is to be merciful in victory. Constantine replies: The spirit that aspires to worthy things seeks, as much as it can, to resemble God. It strives to conquer and longs to overcome until its lofty desire is satisfied; but then it puts the indignation it has conceived, along with its anger and the offense, straight out of mind. I forgive you, and I have laid my indignation down: I don't want blood, but glory and the kingdom. And turning to Gallicanus: O Gallicanus, when you come back to me, I've always held you dear even without a victory: so now think how dear you are to me, returning the victor with such glory; to see a king bound before my eyes: something I'll always keep in my memory. But tell me: this cross you carry with you—where does it come from? Have you changed your faith? Gallicanus answers Constantine: I can't deny you anything at all: so think whether I can deny you the truth— the truth that a gentleman should never think of withholding from anyone. I've just given thanks to God for this glorious fortune of mine at Saint Peter's.94 Because the victory has come from Christ alone, I carry his sign—and I received it from Christ. I already hinted at it in my first words: in fact, I was broken and crushed. Of so many, only three people survived: I and these two dear ones here beside me. All three of us did what anyone usually does when they fall into a low and wretched state: when you don't know and can't help yourself, then—late, if it comes to that—you turn to God as a last resort. You'll hear it from Paul and John: by grace and by miracle, we have won. I have come to know the false gods' deceits, armed and girded with the faith of Christ; I am resolved to give Him all my years, at peace and free of the world's labyrinth. And of Constance, granted me as wife, I release you, Emperor, from the promise.95

The Abdication of Constantine

Constantine abdicates the throne to his sons, offering them counsel on the burdens of imperial rule.

Constantine. You haven't brought me just a single victory, nor only one joy in this war; you've restored a kingdom to me, and my daughter—dearer to me than the land I've won. And since you belong to the Christian school and worship the one God who never errs, you can say you've been restored to yourself: God has granted you all these palms of victory.9697 To add to your great joy, you'll hear even better news: Costanza, my holy daughter, has converted your beautiful daughters. Now you are all branches of one plant, and in heaven you'll be shining stars as well. God wants Gallicanus, Attica, and Artemia as His own—God, who rewards by grace and not by merit. Gallicanus. Better news, high and worthy Lord, than any I bring you—now you give me better news in return. For if I've taken and conquered a king and his kingdom, I'm far happier for my daughters: converted to God, they have a sure pledge of eternal life, which sets the heart at peace. Whoever subdues kings and provinces has no victory—only the one who conquers the world. Whoever conquers the world and subjects the devil is the sure heir of true victory; and the world is more than those provinces I've spoken of, and the devil is king, who holds it all: only our faith promises us victory against him, and only our faith conquers the world. So this seems true victory—the kind that then has eternal glory for its prize. So, my Lord, if you permit it, I would like to stay in solitude, leave the world, and live by myself—to leave the court and every wicked custom. For you, I've already risked my life many times through countless dangers and hardships; for you, I've shed my blood again and again. Now, leave me in peace to serve God. Constantine. When I think of my station and of honor, it seems hard to let you go, Gallicanus; for without a captain, the emperor can almost be called a man without a hand. But when I then think of that great love, every thought of myself becomes empty: I value you more than any danger of my own, and I highly praise this counsel of yours. Although your departure grieves me deeply, I allow it for your consolation. But since God invites you to the true good, follow it well, just as you've chosen well; for this life is brief and treacherous, and in the end, it's nothing but toil and scorn. Put your holy and great thoughts into effect, for soon you'll have other companions with you.9899 Gallicanus leaves, and he isn't mentioned again. Constantine leaves the empire to his sons, and says: O Constantine, O Constantius, O Constans, my sons, heirs of my great kingdom—you see my limbs trembling, my head white, and my feet none too steady. This age, after so many labors of mine, wants me to grant them some rest; and truth be told, an old man cannot well bear the burdens of an empire.100 So if I stayed on this royal throne, it would be hardship for me and harm to the people; age asks for rest, and the people ask for a lord: I don't fool myself about myself. And whichever of you becomes heir to the kingdom, know that the kingdom is nothing but distress, hard labor of body and of mind; nor is the empire sweet, as it seems from the outside. Know this: anyone who wants to rule the people must think of the common good; and anyone who wants to correct others of their faults should first strive not to do wrong himself. So he ought to choose a just life, because example means a great deal to the people, and what the lord does, many then do—for every eye is turned toward the lord. He mustn't think of his own gain or pleasure, but of the common good of everyone. He has to keep his eyes open at all times; the others sleep relying on this one's eyes. And he must keep the scales well balanced, stay free of greed and lust, and remain approachable, gentle, and gracious: the lord must be the servant of his servants. With many cares I've governed this empire, something new arising every day: victorious, I lay the sword down, so I put fortune to the test no more—for she does not hold too firm to one resolve; whoever seeks a great deal finds all kinds of things. You will learn how much trouble and pain the kingdom gives, the one you want so badly. After saying these words, Father Constantine leaves and slips away in secret, and nothing more is said of him. Constantine the son speaks to his two brothers like this: "Dear brothers, you've heard our father's wise words: he has decided not to rule any longer." One man must succeed to this empire; for if it weren't firm and united under a single ruler, it would be divided, and from that it usually falls apart: I am the firstborn; nature and reason give me the right to take this charge.101 Costante, one of the brothers, says: As for me, I very gladly consent that you should rule, as the firstborn: and if I become your servant, brother, this is what God and our fate have willed. Costanzo, the other brother. And I'm content with this too, because I believe you'll be kind and gracious; I, the younger, yield, since the elder yields.102 Now, at last, take your seat on our father's throne.

The Reign of Julian the Apostate

Julian ascends to the throne, restores pagan worship, and initiates a persecution of Christians.

The new emperor. O dear brothers, since it has pleased you that I should go from being your brother to being your lord, and that I should receive tribute from the whole world and rule over so many different peoples, the brotherly love that has always been among us will always stay just as it has been, and no other way: even if fortune raises me to higher ranks, we're still born of one father and one mother.103104 A servant. O Emperor, I have to tell you what I'd rather keep hidden. Part of the kingdom is hostile to you, and in rebellion it has risen in great tumult: because your father no longer wants the toil of rule, they have assaulted your officers, and they no longer respect your commands and edicts—you need to send a great army there.105106 The Emperor. Here is my father's prophecy: he said that ruling was a heavy burden. I've barely been set on this throne, and already I know it to my deep cost. In this first crisis I hope in God that these wretched men will be punished. Constantius, Constantine—go at once with my forces and punish those wretched men.107 I have no captains I trust more than you; you know well that this empire is yours. Since you yourselves placed it in my hands, you can truly say, "It is ours."108 Costante and Costanzio answer, saying: Your commands will not be empty: we'll take the path you've shown us, and so that such a fire may soon be put out,109 We're setting out—and let the army follow behind us. The Emperor.110 Wherever you are, you need your own men—people of greater love and better loyalty.111 Go quickly, one or two of you, to the temple where the god Mars sits, and have sheep and oxen slaughtered; for a great uproar can be seen stirring. Pray God that he not bring as much harm as threatens us at this beginning.112 A foot soldier says: O Emperor, I wish I were sent with joyful news, not tears and death—yet you have to hear how this went, from me or from someone else: the lot has fallen to me.113 Know that your army has been put to rout, and every stronger warrior is dead or taken; and your brothers, too, in this war lie dead with the others on the ground. Emperor. O father Constantine, you left me this empire and the crown for a time.114 Facing such great misfortune, I don't know what heart could be enough, or what strength could stay firm and true. Look now at the empire—look at the pomp and the splendor—look at the fame and my name that resounds! It isn't enough that the whole world should rebel; I've lost my dear brothers too. One of them comforts him, saying: O our lord, when the head is in pain, every other member of the body suffers with it. You shouldn't lose heart so quickly; if there's any good in this evil, don't take any of it.115 Who knows what is better? Discord often springs up among brothers; perhaps fortune has taken them from you so that what was in many may be in you alone. Return to the throne and take up the scepter again, adjust your heart to this turn of events, take the reins of the empire in hand, and thank God that you alone remain. The emperor says: I'll do what my faithful counselor advises and what reason has persuaded me of: return to the throne, as you comfort me. Let the living be with the living, and the dead with the dead. I know that this whole persecution of mine comes from a mistake I'm making: because I put up with, under my rule, this base people who believe in Christ. If that's the cause, I mean to wipe out—by persecuting it—this empty faith; kill and seize whoever you will.116 Ah—my heart! This is the final agony. After saying these words, he dies, and those who remain take counsel, and one of them speaks: We're left without a head or a guide; the empire can't stand this way; the people roar, and the whole world cries out. We need to make a new successor, and soon. If there's anyone among us who is confident they know who the empire belongs to, let them say so at once—and let that person be set on the throne.117 As for me, I don't know who that is.118 Another. And there's Julian, Constantine's nephew—for though he was a magician and a monk, he's a man of great heart and no small ability, and he was born of the empire's blood: though he lives in a far-off place, he'll come when he hears the kingdom has been given to him.119 A third. This works for me. A fourth says: That works for me. First. Come on! Hurry—let one of us go get him. Julian, the new emperor. When I think about who has sat in this seat, I don't know whether to rejoice or to grieve at being the heir of Julius and Augustus; I don't even know if I want to be emperor. Back then, wherever this eagle was seen, the world trembled like a leaf in the wind; now, in what little empire remains to us, every lowly land wants to raise its crest. From that region over there where the sun rises, all the way to where it then sinks down worn out to rest, Roman arms were once feared: now we are the laughingstock of the world. Because the sacrifices were taken away from Jupiter, Mars, Phoebus, Minerva, and Juno, and the image of Victory has been removed, this empire has had no glory at all.120 And so I'm firmly resolved, warned by these sure examples, that the statue set up to Victory be put back in its place, and all the temples opened; and that every Christian's goods be taken at once, so he can contemplate freely—for Christ said to whoever wants his faith: «Renounce everything he owns.»121 It's written in the Gospels: I was a Christian then, and that's when I understood it clearly. So issue a public edict: "Anyone who is a Christian must have no property at all—and anyone truly joined to Christ shouldn't be much distressed by this: the goods of anyone who believes in Christ shall belong to whoever finds them as rightful plunder."

The Martyrdom of John and Paul

John and Paul are arrested and executed for their refusal to worship idols, remaining steadfast in their faith.

Someone accusing Giovanni and Paulo. Emperor, two Christians in Ostia have held a great deal of goods and property for many years now—Paulo and Giovanni—and they have never obeyed your edict. Emperor Julian. These men are wolves in sheep's clothing, but we'll shear them, as you'll see. Go yourself; use every diligence,122 so that they may be brought into my presence. What good is a lord if his subjects don't obey him—especially at the start? Because a district governor does his real work in the first four days: you have to maintain respect for the lordship through penalties and severe punishment.123 Now that I've risen to this seat, I mean to be obeyed by every means. To Giovanni and Paulo, brought before the emperor, the emperor Julian himself says: I grieve for you deeply, now that I hear you are true Christians and baptized; for though I was still quite a boy, I remember how welcome you were to Constantine, my grandfather: still I put my command first; for reputation is what holds states together.124 Now, in a few words: either you give up all your goods, or you worship Jupiter. Giovanni and Paulo. As you please, my lord, you may dispose of our goods, and our life is in your hands as well: you can take it from us whenever you like; but every attempt of yours against the faith is in vain. And anyone who turns to Jupiter, that empty god, goes astray—and every faithful Christian knows this well: we mean to walk the path Jesus shows. Do what you will; that is our will. Julian the Emperor says: If I only looked at your stubbornness, I'd have you cruelly torn to pieces. Pity for you moves me to compassion; otherwise, I'd never get my fill of your suffering. But time often changes a man's mind: so I give you the space of ten days to leave this foolish faith of yours; and if not, then let your life be taken from you.125 Now go, Terenziano, and take with you that beautiful little statue of Jupiter; and over these ten days urge these men to worship it and give up Christ: if they hold firm to going the crooked way, strike their heads from their shoulders.126 Think carefully: if your life is taken from you, you don't get to come back another time. John and Paul. Emperor, you set us this deadline in vain, because we'll always be good Christians. Zeal for God and this sweet worm eat at us and will keep eating us to the very end. The grain that dies in the earth only looks like a seed; so we won't recant for death's sake. And even if we could recant, because we cannot, we hold dying dear.127128 Go ahead—do whatever you want with us; a cruel death doesn't frighten us. Look! We'll gladly lay our necks down for Him who laid His whole body on the cross. You were once one of His, but now you're deaf and no longer hear His voice.129 Count this deadline as already past: the body is yours; the spirit is given to God.130 Emperor Julian. You can force someone to do evil, but forcing someone to do good is not allowed. In the law of Christ there's a saying of this kind: that «God does not save you without yourself»—and that saying is true and natural (though I don't confess that true faith).131 Since my pleading with you is useless, go—do your duty, Terenziano. Terenziano says to Giovanni and Paulo: It grieves me for you—young as you are, going like sheep to the slaughter. Ah!132 Repent even now, you poor souls, before you feel the knife at your throat. Giovanni: If we are chosen for this death, the spotless Lamb was put to death as well. Don't worry about our youth. Death is a way out of many troubles. Terenziano. This golden figure I hold in my hand represents almighty Jupiter; isn't it better to worship it than to be dead, since the emperor is content with that? Paulo. You're still not very shrewd, Terenziano: anyone who says, "Jupiter is God," must be lying. Jupiter is a planet that only moves its own heaven. but a higher power moves Jupiter. Giovanni. But you'd do well, Terenziano, to worship the sweet God, Jesus.133 Terenziano. That's exactly what Julian wants; it's better not to speak of it anymore.134 Let the executioner come here; you'll go down one by one to be put to death.135 Come on, Master Pier, blindfold these two men. I see that the camlet cloth has folded over.136 On their knees with their eyes bound, they speak together like this: O sweet, merciful Jesus, who stained the most holy wood with your innocent and precious blood to cleanse mankind and make him worthy of heaven—turn your eyes in pity toward two young men who hope to see you again in your kingdom. You shed blood, and we give blood back to you: receive it, for we give it gladly.

The Death of Julian

Julian prepares for a new campaign but is struck down by divine vengeance, acknowledging the victory of Christ.

Emperor Julian. Whoever rules an empire and wears a crown on his head, yet has no good name, hardly seems to rule; nor can you call him a private man: true lords stand for the whole.137 He's no lord who abandons his duties and gives himself over to piling up treasure or to pleasures: from what he hoards, from the duties left undone, and from his idleness, the whole people suffer.138 If he has a large revenue, it's given to him to distribute generously and with good sense: he should see that the people don't suffer from enemies, and keep armed men. If grain is expensive, he must come to their aid so the people don't starve to death: he should also provide for the poor.139 Therefore, hoarding is never a good thing. Dominion and the empire's wealth aren't his at all — they belong to the whole people; and though the whole of it seems to be the lord's, it is neither ownership nor the right to use it; the true lord is a distributor: honor is the only fruit he has from that labor — honor, which makes every other thing look base, and which is a great prize indeed for a high and noble heart.140 The spur of honor always goads me; the flame of glory is always burning. It adds spurs to the horse already at a run, and it wants me to attempt a new and great enterprise against the Parthians, who stand so far away—the ones by whom Rome was wronged so many times. And the blood of many Romans they spilled is waiting for me to take revenge. So let all my people be ready to join me in this supreme glory. Come along—gladly!141 Don't doubt it at all: we aren't going to war—we're going to victory. With your valor, I know I'll break them.142 I still hold the old wrongs in memory: the blood of those good old Romans will be avenged by your hands. Those were the fathers we descend from; so vengeance is fitting for the son. Get all your gear ready; make every effort—that's my counsel. We'll take two birds with one stone, because the great Basil is in Caesarea, my enemy and a friend of Jesus: if I find him there, he'll never write another word.143 Come on, treasurer—pay off all the men: four wages in cash, two in cloth and fabrics; and see that they're paid well. We need deeds, not chatter or empty show. Have the astrologers brought before me, so we can learn the right moment; let Mars be well placed and well conjunct.144 Then let me know when everything is ready. Bishop Saint Basil says this: O eternal Father, open my lips, and my mouth will then have praised you. Grant me grace that my prayer may be sincere and pure and without any sin. Your Church, our devoted mother, I see persecuted on every side; your Church, chosen by you as your bride: let me at least see some vengeance for her. The Virgin Mary appears above Saint Mercurius's tomb and says: Come out, Mercurius, from the dark grave; take up the sword and the weapons you left behind. Without waiting for the trumpet of Judgment, let my wrongs be avenged by you.145 Julian's wretched name resounds in heaven—and so do his wicked deeds.146 Let Christian blood be avenged: know that I am the Virgin Mary. Emperor Julian must pass along this road, O blessed martyr: strike him, Mercurius, with the just sword, without pity, straight through the middle of his chest. I don't want so great a wrong to go any further, for pity of my poor people: kill this wicked, venomous serpent, who feeds only on Christian blood. The treasurer returns to the emperor and says: Unconquered Emperor, all your people stand ready at your command, covered in fine, shining armor, and every hour it seems to them they could clash a hundred times over. I've paid them generously: if you see them, I know you'll be pleased— never have you seen a finer company, well armed, obedient, and bold. The astrologers summoned by the emperor say: Emperor, we bring you our report. According to the heavens, there's only one danger, and it comes from a man who is dead. You might laugh at such advice. The emperor says: If I have no other harm, I take comfort; if a dead man can hurt me, I'm amazed; may Mars just keep me safe from swords and lances.147 for all this astrology is nothing but empty chatter. The king and the wise man stand above the stars; so I'm free of this empty law. The favorable moments and the lucky hours are the ones a happy man chooses for himself.148 Get the strong and fine troops on the march; I will follow as the shepherd of this flock. O valiant soldiers, o strong people, I will stay with you through life and death. Julian leaves with the army. And, mortally wounded on the way by Saint Mercurius, he says: What a marvel!149 In the midst of so many armed men, my life hasn't been safe. These aren't the fierce ambushes of the Parthians; I met death before I even felt fear.150 One man alone has avenged so many Christians. Deceitful life! Oh, our vain care! My spirit is already driven out of my breast. O Christ of Galilee, you've won after all.

Read the original Latin

L’angelo annunzia e dice: Silenzio, o voi che ragunati siete: voi vedrete una istoria nuova e santa; diverse cose e devote vedrete, esempli di fortuna varia tanta. Sanza alcun motto stien le voci chete, massimamente poi quando si canta. A noi fatica, a voi il piacer resta: però non ci guastate questa festa.

Santa Costanza, dalla lebbra monda, con devozion vedrete convertire: nella battaglia molto furibonda gente vedrete prendere e morire; mutar lo imperio la volta seconda; e di Giovanni e Paulo il martíre; e poi morir l’apostata Giuliano per la vendetta del sangue cristiano.

La Compagnia del nostro san Giovanni fa questa festa, e siam pur giovanetti: però scusate i nostri teneri anni, se i versi non son buoni o ver ben detti; né sanno de’ signor vestire i panni, o vecchi o donne esprimer, fanciulletti: puramente faremo e con amore; sopportate l’etá di qualche errore.

Primo parente di santa Agnesa. Forse, tacendo il ver, sarei piú saggio, che, dicendolo a voi, parer bugiardo: ma, essendo parenti e d’un legnaggio, non arò nel parlar questo riguardo; perché, se pur parlando in error caggio, non erro: quando in viso ben riguardo, questa coniunzion di sangue stretta fa che tra noi ogni cosa è ben detta.

Il caso, che narrar vi voglio, è questo. In quest’ultima notte ch’è fuggita, io non dormivo e non ero ben desto: la santa vergin morta m’è apparita, Agnesa, che morí, oggi è il dí sesto; lieta, divota e di bianco vestita: con lei era un umíl candido agnello, e di molte altre vergini un drappello.

E, consolando con dolce parole il dolor nostro di sua morte santa, diceva: — Il torto avete, se vi duole ch’io sia venuta a gloria tale e tanta: fuor dell’ombra del mondo or veggo il sole e sento il coro angelico che canta: però ponete fin, cari parenti, se ancor me amate, al dolore e’ lamenti. —

Secondo parente. Non dir piú lá: tu m’hai tratto di bocca quel che volevo dir, ma con paura, temendo di non dir qualcosa sciocca. Ancor a me, sendo alla sepoltura per guardar che da altri non sia tócca, apparve questa vergin santa e pura: con l’agnel, con le vergini veniva. Cosí la vidi come fussi viva.

Terzo parente. E’ non si crederrá, e pur è vero. Io la vidi anche, e senti’ quel che disse; i’ non dico dormendo o col pensiero, ma tenendo le luci aperte e fisse. I’ cominciai, e non forni’ l’intero: — O vergin santa e bella. . . — Allor si misse in via per ritornarsi al Regno santo: io restai solo e lieto in dolce pianto.

Il Primo parente un’altra volta. Benché a simil fallaci visione chi non è molto santo non de’ credere (ché spesso son del diavol tentazione), questa potrebbe pur da Dio procedere, essendo ella apparita a piú persone. Dobbiam Dio ringraziare, e merzé chiedere, e rallegrarci di questa beata; ché abbiamo in paradiso un’avvocata.

Costanza. Misera a me! che mi giova esser figlia di chi regge e governa il mondo tutto? aver d’ancille e servi assai famiglia, ricchezza e gioventú? Non mi fa frutto l’onor, l’esser amata a maraviglia, se ’l corpo giovenil di lebbra è brutto. Non darò al padre mio nipoti o genero, sendo tutto ulcerato il corpo tenero.

Meglio era che quest’anima dolente nel corpo mio non fussi mai nutrita; e, se pur v’è venuta, prestamente nella mia prima etá fussi fuggita: piú dolce è una morte veramente che morire ad ogn’ora in questa vita, e dare al vecchio padre un sol tormento, che, vivendo cosí, dargliene cento.

Un servo di Costanza. Bench’io presuma troppo o sia importuno, madonna, pur dirò quel che m’occorre: quando un mal è sanza rimedio alcuno, a cose nuove e strane altri ricorre: medicina, fatica o uom nessuno, poiché non può da te questo mal tôrre, tentar nuovi rimedi è ’l parer mio, ché, dove l’arte manca, abbonda Dio.

Io ho sentito dir da piú persone che Agnesa, la qual fu martirizzata, a’ parenti è venuta in visione, e credesi per questo sia beata: io proverrei ad ir con devozione lá dove questa santa è sotterrata: raccomándati a lei con umil voce: e’ non è mal tentar quel che non nuoce.

Costanza. I’ ho giá fatte tante cose invano, che questi pochi passi ancor vo’ spendere; se ’l corpo mio debbe diventar sano, questa è poca fatica: io la vo’ prendere; e forse l’andar mio non sará vano. Giá sento in devozione il cuore accendere, giá mi predice la salute mia: orsú, andiam con poca compagnia.

Costanza, poich’è giunta alla sepoltura di sant’Agnesa, dice: O Vergin santa, d’ogni pompa e fasto nemica e piena dell’amor di Dio, pe’ merti dello sparso sangue casto ti prego vòlti gli occhi al mio desio: abbi pietá del téner corpo guasto, abbi pietá del vecchio padre mio: bench’io nol merti, o Vergin benedetta, rendimi al vecchio padre sana e netta.

Addormentasi; e sant’Agnesa le viene in visione, dicendo: Rallégrati, figliuola benedetta. Dio ha udito la tua orazione ed esaudita, ed ègli suta accetta, perch’ella vien da vera devozione, e se’ libera fatta, monda e netta. Rendi a Dio grazie, ché tu n’hai cagione; e per questo mirabil benefizio ama Dio sempre ed abbi in odio il vizio.

Costanza si desta e dice: Egli è pur vero. Appena creder posso, e vedo e tocco il mio corpo esser mondo: fuggito è tutto il mal che aveva addosso; son netta come il dí ch’io venni al mondo. O mirabile Dio, onde se’ mosso a farmi grazia? ed io con che rispondo? Non mia bontá o merti mia preteriti, ma mosso han tua pietá d’Agnesa i meriti.

L’odor suave di sua vista casta, come incenso salí nel tuo cospetto; ond’io, che son cosí sana rimasta, fo voto a te, o Gesú benedetto, che, mentre questa brieve vita basta, casto e mondo ti serbo questo petto: e ’l corpo, che di fuor or mondo sento, con la tua grazia anco sia mondo drento.

E, vòltasi a quelli che sono seco, dice: Diletti miei, queste membra vedete, che ha monde la suprema medicina. Insieme meco grazie a Dio rendete dell’ammirabil sua pietá divina. Simili frutti con dolcezza miete colui che nel timor di Dio cammina. Torniamo a casa, pur laudando Dio, a dar quest’allegrezza al padre mio.

Mentre ne va a casa: O Dio, il qual non lasci destituto della tua grazia ancor gli umani eccessi, e chi arebbe però mai creduto che d’una lebbra tanti ben nascessi? Cosí utile e sano è ’l mio mal suto; convien che i miei dolor dolci or confessi. O santa infermitá per mio ben nata, c’hai mondo il corpo e l’anima purgata!

E, giunta al padre, dice: Ecco la figlia tua, che lebbrosa era, che torna a te col corpo bello e netto; sana di sanitá perfetta e vera, però che ha sano e il corpo e l’intelletto. Troppo son lieta, e la letizia intera, o dolce padre, vien per tuo rispetto; però che Dio mirabilmente spoglia me dalla lebbra e te da tanta doglia.

Costantino, il padre, risponde: Io sento, figlia mia, tanta dolcezza, che pare il gaudio quasi fuor trabocchi; né posso far che per la tenerezza non versi un dolce pianto giú dagli occhi. Dolce speranza della mia vecchiezza, creder nol posso infin ch’io non ti tocchi. E, dicendo cosí, gli tocca la mano: Egli è pur vero. Oh gran cosa inaudita!

Ma dimmi, figlia mia: chi t’ha guarita? Risponde Costanza: Non m’ha di questa infermitá guarita medico alcun, ma la divina cura: io me n’andai e devota e contrita d’Agnesa a quella santa sepoltura; feci orazion, la qual fu in cielo udita; poi dormi’; poi desta’mi netta e pura; feci allor voto, o caro padre mio, che ’l mio sposo e ’l tuo genero sia Dio.

Costantino risponde: Grande e mirabil cosa certo è questa: chi l’ha fatta non so, né ’l saper giova. Basta: se sana la mia figlia resta, sia chi si vuol: questa è suta gran pruova. Su, rallegriamci tutti e facciam festa. O scalco, su, da far colezion truova. Fate che presto qui mi vengh’innanzi buffoni e cantator, chi suoni e danzi.

Torna in quest’allegrezza Gallicano di Persia con vittoria, e dice: Io son tornato a te, divo Augusto, e non so come, tra tanti perigli. Ho soggiogato il fèr popol robusto, né credo contra te piú arme pigli. Per tutta Persia il tuo scettro alto e giusto or è tenuto; e di sangue vermigli fe’ con la spada i fiumi correr tinti: e’ son per sempremai domati e vinti.

Tra ferro e fuoco, tra feriti e morti con la spada abbiam cerco la vittoria io e’ tuoi cavalieri audaci e forti: di noi nel mondo fia sempre memoria. io so ben che tu sai quanto t’importi questa cosa al tuo stato ed alla gloria: che s’ella andava per un altro verso, era il nome romano e ’l regno perso.

Benché la gloria e ’l servir signor degno al cor gentil debb’esser gran merzede, pur la fatica, l’animo e l’ingegno, ancor ch’io mi tacessi, premio chiede. Se mi dái la metá di questo regno, non credo mi pagassi, per mia fede; ma minor cosa mi paga abbastanza, se arò per sposa tua figlia Costanza.

Risponde Augusto, cioè Costantino: Ben sia venuto il mio gran capitano, ben venga la baldanza del mio impero, ben venga il degno e fido Gallicano, domator del superbo popol fèro; ben sia tornata la mia destra mano, e quel, nella cui forza e virtú spero; ben venga quel che, mentre in vita dura, l’imperio nostro e la gloria è sicura.

Ogni opera e fatica aspetta merto, e’ tuoi meriti meco sono assai: e, se aspettavi il merto fusse offerto, io non t’arei potuto pagar mai. Darti mia figlia gran cosa è per certo, e quanto io l’amo, Gallican, tu il sai: gran cosa è certo un pio paterno amore, ma il tuo merito vince ed è maggiore.

Se tu non fussi, lei non saria figlia d’imperadore, il qual comanda al mondo: però, s’altri n’avessi maraviglia e mi biasma, con questo gli rispondo. Credo che lei e tutta mia famiglia e ’l popol tutto ne sará giocondo, ed io di questo arò letizia e gloria, non men ch’io abbi della gran vittoria.

In questo punto ir voglio, o Gallicano, a dir qualcosa a mia figlia Costanza: tornerò resoluto a mano a mano. Intanto non t’incresca qui la stanza. Mentre che va, dice: Oh ignorante capo! oh ingegno vano! O superbia inaudita! oh arroganza! E cosí l’aver vinto m’è molesto,

se la vittoria arreca seco questo. Che farò? Darò io ad un suggetto la bella figlia mia, che m’è sí cara? S’io non la do, in gran pericol metto lo Stato. E chi è quel che ci ripara? Misero a me! Non c’è boccon del netto: tanto Fortuna è de’ suoi beni avara. Spesso chi chiama Costantin felice, sta meglio assai di me, e ’l ver non dice.

Poiché è giunto a Costanza dice: Io ti vengo a veder, diletta figlia, con gli occhi, come ti veggo col cuore. Costanza. O padre, io veggo in mezzo alle tue ciglia un segno che mi dice c’hai dolore, che mi dá dispiacere e maraviglia. O padre dolce, se mi porti amore, dimmi ch’è la cagion di questo tedio;

e s’io ci posso fare alcun rimedio. Dimmelo, padre, sanz’alcun riguardo. Io son tua figlia per darti dolcezza; e però dopo Dio a te sol guardo, pur ch’io ti possa dar qualche allegrezza. Costantino. Io sono a dirti questa cosa tardo. Pietá mi muove della mia vecchiezza e del tuo corpo giovenil, che sano

è fatto acciò che il chiegga Gallicano. Costanza. O padre, deh pon’ freno al tuo dolore! Intendo quel che tu vuoi dire a punto. Il magno Dio, ch’è liberal signore, non stringerá la grazia a questo punto. Io veggo onde ti vien tal pena al core: se dái a Gallican quel c’ha presunto, offendi te e me; e s’io nol piglio per mio marito, il regno è in gran periglio.

Quando il partito d’ogni parte punga, né sia la cosa ben secura e netta, io ho sentito dir che il savio allunga e dá buone parole, e tempo aspetta. Benché il mio ingegno molto in su non giunga, padre, io direi che tu me gli prometta: d’assicurarlo ben fa’ ogni pruova, e poi lo manda in questa impresa nuova.

Benché forse io parrò presuntuosa, fanciulla, donna e tua figlia, se io ti consigliassi in questa ch’è mia cosa, prudente, esperto e vecchio, padre mio; tu gli puo’ dir quant’è pericolosa la guerra in Dacia, e che ogni suo disio vuoi fare; e, perché creda non lo inganni, per sicurtá da Paulo e Giovanni.

Questi statichi meni, acciò che intenda ch’io sarò donna sua, da poi ch’e’ vuole; e d’altra parte indietro lui ti renda Attica, Artemia, sue care figliuole. In questa guerra vi sará faccenda, e ’l tempo molte cose acconciar suole. Costantino: Figlia, e’ mi piace assai quel che m’hai detto:

son lieto, e presto il metterò ad effetto. Da sé, mentre che ritorna da Gallicano: Laudato sia colui che in te spira bontá, prudenzia, amor, figliuola mia. Io ho giú posto la paura e l’ira, e cosí Gallican contento fia; l’onor fia salvo, il qual drieto si tira ogni altra cosa, sebben cara sia. Passato questo tempo e quel periglio, vedrem poi quel che fia miglior consiglio.

E, giunto a Gallicano: Io torno a te con piú letizia indrieto ch’io non andai: e Costanza consente esser tua donna. Io son tanto piú lieto, quanto piú dubbio avevo nella mente. Pareva vòlta ad un viver quieto, sanza marito o pratica di gente. Mirabilmente di quel suo mal monda, bella consente in te sana e gioconda.

Direi: facciam le nozze questo giorno e rallegriam con esse questa terra; ma se ti par, facciam qualche soggiorno; ché tu sai ben quanto ci stringe e serra Dacia rebelle, qual ci cigne intorno; e non è ben accozzar nozze e guerra: ma dopo la vittoria, se ti piace, farem le nozze piú contenti in pace.

So ben c’hai di Costanza desidèro, ma piú del tuo onore e del mio Stato, anzi del tuo, ché tuo è questo impero, perché la tua virtú l’ha conservato. Per fede, Gallican, ch’io dica il vero, Giovanni caro a me, Paulo amato teco merrai; e sicurtá sien questi: Artemia, Attica tua, qui meco resti.

Tu sarai padre a’ dua diletti miei; Costanza madre alle figliuole tue e non matrigna; e sia certo che lei le tratterá siccome fussin sue. Io spero nell’aiuto degli dèi, ma molto piú nella tua gran virtúe, che contro a’ daci arem vittoria presta. Costanza è tua: allor farem la festa.

Gallicano: Nessuna cosa, o divo imperadore, brama il mio cuor, quanto farti contento, conservare il tuo Stato e ’l mio onore: Costanza sanza questo m’è tormento. Io spero tornar presto vincitore; so che fia presto questo fuoco spento: proverrá con suo danno il popol strano la forza e la virtú di questa mano.

Quando un’impresa ha in sé grave periglio, non metter tempo nella espedizione: pensata con maturo e buon consiglio, vuole aver presta poi l’esecuzione. Però sanza piú indugio il cammin piglio: arò Paulo e Giovanni in dilezione come fratelli o figli tuttavia; e raccomando a te Costanza mia.

O fidato Alessandro, presto andrai; Attica, Artemia, fa’ sien qui presenti. E tu, Anton, trova danari assai, e presto spaccia tutte le mie genti. O forti cavalier, che meco mai non fuste vinti, o cavalier potenti nutriti nella ruggine del ferro, noi vinceremo ancor: so ch’io non erro.

Gallicano, poiché sono giunte le figliuole, dice a Costantino: Non posso dirti con asciutte ciglie quel ch’io vorrei delle dolci figliuole. Io te le lascio acciò che sien tue figlie. Fortuna nella guerra poter suole; io vo di lungi molte e molte miglie fra gente che ancor ella vincer vuole: bench’io speri tornar vittorioso, l’andare è certo, e ’l tornar è dubbioso.

Vòltosi alle figliuole, dice: E voi, figliuole mie (da poi ch’e’ piace ch’io vada in questa impresa al mio signore), pregate Giove che vittoria o pace riporti sano, e torni con onore: se lá resta il mio corpo e morto giace, il padre vostro fia lo imperadore; per lui i’ metto volentier la vita: Costanza mia da voi sia riverita.

Una delle figliuole di Gallicano: Quando pensiam, padre nostro diletto, che forse non ti rivedrem mai piúe, copron gli occhi di pianto il tristo petto. E dove lasci le figliuole tue? Giá mille e mille volte ho maladetto l’arme e la guerra e chi cagion ne fue. Benché un buon padre e degno ci abbi mostro, pur noi vorremmo il dolce padre nostro.

L’altra figliuola, a Costantino: Alto e degno signor, deh, perché vuoi che noi restiam quasi orfane e pupille? Risparmia in questa impresa, se tu puoi, il padre nostro: de’ suoi par c’è mille, ma altro padre piú non abbiam noi; contentaci, ché puoi; facci tranquille. Costantino: Su, non piangere: il vostro Gallicano

tornerá presto con vittoria e sano. Gallicano si volta a Costantino, e dice: Io vo’ baciarti il piè, signor sovrano, prima ch’io parta, ed a mie figlie il volto. E credi che ’l fedel tuo Gallicano Giovanni e Paul tuo osserva molto: l’uno alla destra; alla sinistra mano l’altro terrò, perché non mi sia tolto; se senti alcuna loro ingiuria o torto, tu puoi dir certo: — Gallicano è morto.

E, voltatosi a’ cavalieri, dice: Su cavalier, cotti e neri dal sole, dal sol di Persia, ch’è cosí fervente! Il nostro imperador provar ci vuole tra’ ghiacci e neve di Dacia al presente: la virtú il caldo e il freddo vincer suole; periglio, morte alfin stima niente. Ma facciam prima sacrifizio a Marte, ché sanza Dio val poco o forza o arte.

Detto questo, fa sacrifizio in qualche luogo dove non sia veduto altrimenti: di poi si parte con lo esercito, e ne va alla impresa di Dacia. Costanza ad Attica ed Artemia, quale lei converte: O care mie sorelle in Dio dilette, o cara Artemia, o dolce Attica mia; io credo il vostro padre mi vi dette non sol per fede o per mia compagnia, ma acciò che sane, liete e benedette vi renda a lui quando tornato fia; né so come ben far possa quest’io, se prima sane non vi rendo a Dio.

O care, o dolci sorelle, sappiate che questo corpo di lebbra era brutto; e queste membra son monde e purgate dall’autore de’ ben, Dio, che fa il tutto: a lui botai la mia verginitate, finché sia il corpo da morte destrutto: e servir voglio a lui con tutto il core: né par fatica a chi ha vero amore.

E voi conforto con lo esemplo mio che questa vita, ch’è brieve e fallace, doniate liete di buon core a Dio, fuggendo quel che al mondo cieco piace: se volterete a lui ogni disio, arete in questa vita vera pace, grazia d’aver contra ’l demòn vittoria; e poi nell’altra vita eterna gloria.

Artemia. Madonna mia, io non so come hai fatto: per le parole sante, quali hai detto, io sento il cuor giá tutto liquefatto, arder d’amor di Dio il vergin petto: e mi senti’ commuovere ad un tratto, come, parlando, apristi l’intelletto: di Dio innamorata, son disposta seguir la santa via che m’hai proposta.

Attica. Ed io, madonna, ho posto un odio al mondo, giá come fussi un capital nemico: prometto a Dio servare il corpo mondo: con la bocca e col cuor questo ti dico. Costanza. Sia benedetto l’alto Dio fecondo, ed io in nome suo vi benedico. Or siam vere sorelle, al parer mio:

orsú, laudiamo il nostro padre Dio. Costanza, Artemia ed Attica cantano tutte e tre insieme: A te sia laude, o Caritá perfetta c’hai pien di caritate il nostro cuore; l’amor, che questi dolci prieghi getta, pervenga a’ tuoi orecchi, o pio Signore: questi tre corpi verginali accetta e gli conserva sempre nel tuo amore. Della Vergine giá t’innamorasti: ricevi, o Sposo nostro, i petti casti.

Concione di Gallicano a’ soldati: O forti cavalier, nel padiglione il capitan debb’esser grave e tardo; ma, quando è del combatter la stagione, sanza paura sia forte e gagliardo. Colui, che la vittoria si propone, non stima spade, sassi, lance o dardo. Lá è il nimico, e giá paura mostra: su, diamci drento: la vittoria è nostra.

Affrontasi con gli nimici, e gli è rotto tutto l’esercito; e, restato solo con Giovanni e Paulo, dice: Or ecco la vittoria ch’io riporto! Ecco lo Stato dello imperadore! Lasso! meglio era a me ch’io fussi morto in Persia, ché morivo con onore! Ma la Fortuna m’ha campato a torto, acciò ch’io vegga tanto mio dolore. Almanco fuss’io morto questo giorno! ché non so come a Costantin ritorno.

Giovanni. Quando Fortuna le cose attraversa, si vuol reputar sempre che sia bene. Se tu hai oggi la tua gente persa, ringrazia Dio, ché questo da lui viene. Non vincerá giamai la gente avversa chi contra sé vittoria non ottiene; né vincer altri ad alcuno è concesso, se questo tal non sa vincer se stesso.

Forse t’ha Dio a questo oggi condotto, perché te stesso riconoscer voglia. E se l’altrui esercito hai giá rotto, sanza Dio non si volge in ramo foglia. Quel che può l’uom da sé, mortal, corrotto, altro non è se non peccato e doglia. Riconosciti adunque, ed abbi fede in Dio, dal qual ciaschedun ben procede.

Paulo. Non creder che la tua virtute e gloria, la tua fortezza e ingegno, o Gallicano, t’abbia con tanto onor dato vittoria: Dio ha messo il poter nella tua mano. Perché n’avevi troppo fumo e boria, Dio t’ha tolto l’onore a mano a mano, per mostrare alle tue gonfiate voglie che lui è quel che ’l vincer dá e toglie.

Ma, se tu vuoi far util questa rotta, ritorna a Dio, al dolce Dio Gesúe: l’idol di Marte ch’è cosa corrotta, ferma il pensier, non adorar mai piúe; poi vedrai nuova gente qui condotta, in numer grande e di maggior virtúe. Umilia te a Gesú alto e forte, ché lui sé umiliò fino alla morte.

Gallicano. Io non so come a Gesú fia accetto, se a lui me umilio, come m’è proposto; ché da necessitá paio costretto in questo miser stato che m’ha posto. Io ho sentito alcun cristian, c’ha detto che Dio ama colui, quale è disposto dargli il cuor lietamente e voluntario: la mia miseria in me mostra il contrario.

Giovanni. In ogni luogo e tempo accetta Dio nella sua vigna ciascun operaio; e ’l padre di famiglia dolce e pio a chi vien tardi ancor dá ’l suo danaio. Dá’ pur intero a lui il tuo disio, poi cento ricorrai per uno staio: inginòcchiati a Dio col corpo e core; e lui ti renderá gente ed onore.

Gallicano s’inginocchia e dice. O magno Dio, omai la tua potenzia adoro, e me un vil vérmin confesso. Se piace alla tua gran magnificenzia, fa’ che vincer mi sia oggi concesso: se non ti piace, io arò pazienzia. Nel tuo arbitrio, Dio, mi son rimesso: disposto e fermo non adorar piúe altro che te, dolce signor Gesúe.

Giovanni, inginocchiati che sono tutti e tre: O Dio che desti a Giosué l’ardire e grazia ancor che ’l sol fermato sia, e che facesti mille un sol fuggire, e diecimila due cacciassin via, e che facesti della fromba uscire il fatal sasso che ammazzò Golia; concedi or forza e grazia a questa mano del tuo umiliato Gallicano.

Un angelo apparisce a Gallicano con una croce in collo, e dice: O umil Gallicano, il cor contrito a Dio è sacrifizio accetto molto; e però ha li umil tuo’ prieghi udito ed è pietoso al tuo disio or vòlto: va’ di buon core in questa impresa ardito, ché ’l regno fia al re nimico tolto; daratti grande esercito e gagliardo: la croce fia per sempre il tuo stendardo.

Gallicano colle ginocchia in terra: Questo non meritava il cuor superbo di Gallicano e la mia vanagloria: tu m’hai dato speranza nel tuo verbo, ond’io veggo giá certa la vittoria. O Dio, la mia sincera fé ti serbo, sanza far piú de’ falsi dèi memoria. Ma questa nuova gente onde ora viene? Solo da Dio, autor d’ogni mio bene.

E, voltatosi a quelli soldati venuti mirabilmente, dice: O gente ferocissime e gagliarde, presto mettiamo alla cittá l’assedio. Presto portate sien qui le bombarde (Dio è con noi: e’ non aran rimedio), passavolante, archibusi e spingarde, acciò che non ci tenghin troppo a tedio; fascine e guastator: la terra è vinta, né può soccorso aver dal campo cinta.

Fate i graticci, e’ ripari ordinate per le bombarde: e’ ponti sien ben forti: i bombardier securi conservate, che dalle artiglierie non vi sien morti. E voi, o cavalieri, armati state a far la scorta, vigilanti, accorti; ché ’l pensier venga agli assediati meno, e le bombarde inchiodate non sièno.

Tu, Giovanni, provvedi a strame e paglia, sí che ’l campo non abbi carestia; venga pan fatto ed ogni vettovaglia; e Paulo sará teco in compagnia. Fate far scale onde la gente saglia. Quando della battaglia tempo fia, ciascun sia pronto a far la sua faccenda. Sol Gallican tutte le cose intenda.

Fate tutti i trombetti ragunare súbito; fate il consueto bando: ché la battaglia io vorrò presto dare. L’esercito sia in punto al mio comando: chi sará il primo alle mure a montare, mille ducati per premio gli mando, cinquecento e poi cento all’altra coppia; e la condotta a tutti si raddoppia.

Trombetto. Da parte dello invitto capitano si fa intendere a que’ che intorno stanno, se non si dá la terra a mano a mano al campo, sará data a saccomanno; né fia pietoso poi piú Gallicano; e chi ará poi il male, abbiasi il danno. A’ primi montator dare è contento, per gradi, mille, cinquecento e cento.

Fassi la battaglia, e pigliano il re. Il re preso dice: Chi confida ne’ regni e negli Stati e sprezza con superbia gli alti dèi, la cittá in preda e me legato or guati, e prenda esemplo da’ miei casi rei. O figli, ecco i reami ch’io v’ho dati, ecco l’ereditá de’ padri miei! Voi e me, lassi! avvolge una catena; con l’altra preda il vincitor ci mena.

E, voltatosi a Gallicano, dice: E tu, nelle cui man Fortuna ha dato la vita nostra ed ogni nostra sorte, bastiti avermi vinto e subiugato, arsa la terra, ucciso il popol forte: e non voler che vecchio io sia campato, per veder poi de’ miei figliuol la morte. Per vincer si vuol fare ogni potenzia, ma dopo la vittoria usar clemenzia.

Io so che se’ magnanimo e gentile, e in cor gentil so pur pietá si genera: se non ti muove l’etá mia senile, muovati l’innocenzia e l’etá tenera: uccidere un legato è cosa vile, e la clemenzia ciascun lauda e venera: il regno è tuo; la vita a noi sol resti, la qual a me per brieve tempo presti.

Il principe, uno de’ figliuoli del detto re, dice: Noi, innocenti e miser figli suoi (poiché Fortuna ci ha cosí percossi), preghiam salvi la vita a tutti noi, piacendoti; e, se ciò impetrar non puossi, il nostro vecchio padre viva, e poi non ci curiam da vita esser rimossi. Se pur d’uccider tutti noi fai stima, fa’ grazia almeno a noi di morir prima.

Gallicano. La pietá vostra m’ha sí tócco il core, che d’aver vinto ho quasi pentimento: ad ogni giuoco un solo è vincitore, e l’altro vinto de’ restar contento. Dell’una e l’altra etá, pietá, dolore; lo esemplo ancor della Fortuna sento: però la vita volentier vi dono, insin che a Costantin condotto sono.

Il messo, che porta le nuove della vittoria a Costantino, dice cosí: O imperador, buone novelle porto. Gallican tuo ha quella cittá presa; e credo che ’l re sia o preso o morto: vidi la terra tutta in fiamma accesa. Per esser primo a darti tal conforto, non so i particolar di questa impresa. Basta, la terra è nostra; e questo è certo. Dammi un buon beveraggio, ch’io lo merto.

Costantino. Io non vorrei però error commettere, credendo tai novelle vere sièno. Costui di Gallican non porta lettere; la bugia in bocca e ’l ver portano in seno. Orsú, fatelo presto in prigion mettere: fioriranno, se queste rose fièno: se sará vero, arai buon beveraggio; se no, ti pentirai di tal viaggio.

Torna in questo Gallicano, e dice a Costantino: Ecco, il tuo capitan vittorioso ritorna a te dalla terribil guerra, d’onor, di preda e di prigion copioso; ecco il re giá signor di quella terra. Ma sappi ch’ella andò prima a ritroso, ché chi fa cose assai spesso ancor erra: pur, con l’aiuto che Dio ci ha concesso, abbiam la terra e ’l regno sottomesso.

Il re preso a Costantino dice: O imperadore, io fui signore anch’io; or servo e prigion son io e’ miei figli. Se la Fortuna, ministra di Dio, questo ha voluto, ognuno esemplo pigli; ed ammonito dallo stato mio, de’ casi avversi non si maravigli. Il vincer è di Dio dono eccellente, ma piú nella vittoria esser clemente.

Costantino risponde: L’animo che alle cose degne aspira, quanto può cerca simigliare Dio: vincer si sforza e superar desira finché contenta il suo alto desio; ma poi lo sdegno conceputo e l’ira, l’offesa mette subito in oblio. Io ti perdono, e posto ho giú lo sdegno: non voglio il sangue, ma la gloria e ’l regno.

E, vòltosi a Gallicano: O Gallican, quando tu torni a me, sempre t’ho caro ancor sanza vittoria: or pensa adunque quanto car mi se’, tornando vincitor con tanta gloria; veder legato innanzi agli occhi un re: cosa che sempre arò nella memoria. Ma dimmi: questa croce, onde procede, che porti teco? hai tu mutato fede?

Risponde Gallicano a Costantino: Io non ti posso negar cosa alcuna: or pensa se negar ti posso ’l vero; il ver, che mai a persona nessuna di negarlo uom gentil de’ far pensiero. Di questa gloriosa mia fortuna rendute ho grazie a Dio, or in San Piero. Perché ’l vincer da Cristo è sol venuto, porto il suo segno, e l’ho da Cristo avuto.

Io t’accennai nelle prime parole, in effetto fui rotto e fracassato. Campò di tanti tre persone sole: io e questi duo’ cari qui dallato; facemmo tutt’a tre come far suole ciascun che viene in vile e basso stato: chi non sa e non può, tardi (s’occorre) per ultimo rimedio a Dio ricorre.

Tu intenderai da Paulo e Giovanni, per grazia e per miraculo abbiam vinto. Conosciuto ho de’ falsi dèi gl’inganni, della fede di Cristo armato e cinto; disposto ho dare a lui tutti i miei anni, quieto e fuor del mondan labirinto: e di Costanza, sutami concessa, t’assolvo, imperador, della promessa.

Costantino. Tu non mi porti una vittoria sola, né sola un’allegrezza in questa guerra; tu m’hai renduto un regno e la figliuola, piú cara a me che l’acquistata terra. E, poi che se’ della cristiana scuola ed adori uno Dio che mai non erra, puoi dir d’aver te renduto a te stesso: Dio tutte queste palme t’ha concesso.

E, per crescer la tua letizia tanta, intenderai altre miglior novelle: perché Costanza, la mia figlia santa, ha convertite le tue figlie belle: e tutti siate rami or d’una pianta, e in ciel sarete ancor lucenti stelle: per suoi vuol Gallican, Attica, Artemia Dio, che per grazia e non per merto premia.

Gallicano. Miglior novelle, alto Signore e degno, ch’io non ti porto, or tu mi rendi indrieto: ché, s’io ho preso e vinto un re e ’l regno, son delle mie figliuole assai piú lieto; che, convertite a Dio, han certo pegno di vita eterna, che fa ’l cor quieto: chi sottomette i re e le province non ha vittoria, ma chi ’l mondo vince.

Chi vince il mondo e’ l diavol sottomette è di vera vittoria certo erede; e ’l mondo è piú che le province dette, e ’l diavol re, che tutto lo possiede: sol contra lui vittoria ci promette e vince il mondo sol la nostra fede: adunque questa par vera vittoria, che ha per premio poi eterna gloria.

Però, alto signor, se m’è permesso da te, io vorrei starmi in solitudine, lasciare il mondo, e viver da me stesso, la corte e ogni ria consuetudine. Per te piú volte ho giá la vita messo, pericoli e fatiche in multitudine; per te sparto ho piú volte il sangue mio: lascia me in pace servire ora a Dio.

Costantino. Quand’io penso al mio stato e all’onore, par duro a licenziarti, o Gallicano; ché, sanza capitan, lo imperadore si può dir quasi un uom sanza la mano; ma, quand’io penso poi al grande amore, ogni pensier di me diventa vano: stimo piú te che alcuno mio periglio, e laudo molto questo tuo consiglio.

Benché mi dolga assai la tua partita, per tua consolazion te la permetto. Ma, poiché Dio al vero ben t’invita, séguita ben, sí come hai bene eletto; ché brieve e traditora è questa vita, né altro al fin che fatica e dispetto: metti ad effetto i pensier santi e magni, ché arai ben presto teco altri compagni.

Gallicano si parte, e di lui non si fa piú menzione. Costantino lascia lo imperio a’ figliuoli, e dice: O Costantino, o Costanzio, o Costante, o figliuoi miei, del mio gran regno eredi, voi vedete le membra mie tremante e ’l capo bianco e non ben fermi i piedi: questa etá, dopo mie fatiche tante, vuol che qualche riposo io li concedi; né puote un vecchio bene, a dire il vero, reggere alle fatiche d’un impero.

Però, s’io stessi in questa regal sede, saria disagio a me, al popol danno; l’etá riposo, e ’l popol signor chiede: di me medesmo troppo non m’inganno. E chi sará di voi del regno erede, sappi che ’l regno altro non è che affanno, fatica assai di corpo e di pensiero; né, come par di fuor, dolce è l’impero.

Sappiate che chi vuole il popol reggere, debbe pensare al bene universale; e chi vuol altri dagli error correggere, sforzisi prima lui di non far male: però conviensi giusta vita eleggere, perché lo esemplo al popol molto vale, e quel che fa il signor, fanno poi molti, ché nel signor son tutti gli occhi vòlti.

Non pensi a util proprio o a piacere, ma al bene universale di ciascuno: bisogna sempre gli occhi aperti avere; gli altri dormon con gli occhi di quest’uno; e pari la bilancia ben tenere; d’avarizia e lussuria esser digiuno; affabil, dolce e grato si conservi: il signor dee esser servo de’ servi.

Con molti affanni ho questo imperio retto, accadendo ogni dí qualcosa nuova: vittoriosa la spada rimetto, per non far piú della fortuna pruova, ché non sta troppo ferma in un concetto; chi cerca assai, diverse cose truova: voi proverete quanto affanno e doglia dá il regno, di che avete tanta voglia.

Costantin padre, detto che ha queste parole, si parte e se ne va copertamente, e di lui non si ragiona piú. Costantino figliuolo alli due altri fratelli dice cosí: Cari fratei, voi avete sentito di nostro padre le savie parole: di non governar piú preso ha partito. Succeder uno in questo imperio vuole; ché, se non fussi in un sol fermo e unito, saria diviso, onde mancar poi suole: io sono il primo; a me dá la natura e la ragion ch’io prenda questa cura.

Costante, uno de’ fratelli, dice: Io, per me, molto volontier consento che tu governi, come prima nato: e, se di te, o fratel, servo divento, questo ha voluto Dio e ’l nostro fato. Costanzo, l’altro fratello. Ed io ancor di questo son contento, perché credo sarai benigno e grato: io minor cedo, poiché ’l maggior cede.

Or siedi ormai nella paterna sede. Il nuovo imperadore. O dolci frati, poiché v’è piaciuto che, di fratel, signor vostro diventi, e che dal mondo tutto abbi tributo e signoreggi tante varie genti, l’amor fraterno sempre fra noi suto sempre cosí sará, non altrimenti: se fortuna mi dá piú alti stati, siam pur d’un padre e d’una madre nati.

Un servo. O imperadore, e’ convien ch’io ti dica quel che tener vorrei piú presto occulto. Una parte del regno t’è nimica, e rebellata è mossa in gran tumulto: perché tuo padre piú non vuol fatica, contra a’ tuoi officiali han fatto insulto, né stimon piú i tuoi imperi e bandi: convien che grande esercito vi mandi.

Imperadore. Ecco la profezia del padre mio, che disse che ’l regnare era un affanno, a pena in questa sede son post’io, ch’io lo conosco con mio grave danno: in questo primo caso spero in Dio che questi tristi puniti saranno. O Costanzio, o Costante, presto andate con le mie genti, e i tristi gastigate.

Io non ho piú fidati capitani; sapete ben che questo imperio è vostro: poiché ’l metteste voi nelle mie mani potete dir veramente: — Egli è nostro. — Costante e Costanzio rispondono, dicendo: I tuoi comandamenti non fien vani: andrem per quel cammin, il qual ci hai mostro, e perché presto tal fuoco si spenga,

noi ci avviamo, e ’l campo drieto venga. Imperadore. In ogni luogo aver si vuol de’ suoi, che son di piú amore e miglior fede. Andate presto o uno o due di voi al tempio dove lo dio Marte siede, e farete ammazzar pecore e buoi; ché gran tumulto mosso esser si vede; pregando Dio che tanto mal non faccia, quanto in questo principio ci minaccia.

Un fante dice: O imperador, io vorrei esser messo di cose liete e non di pianti e morte: pur tu hai a saper questo processo da me o da altri: a me tocca la sorte. Sappi che ’l campo tuo in rotta è messo, e morto o preso ogni guerrier piú forte; e’ tuo’ fratelli ancora in questa guerra morti reston con gli altri su la terra.

Imperadore. O padre Costantin, tu mi lasciasti a tempo questo imperio e la corona. A tanto mal non so qual cor si basti o qual fortezza sia costante e buona. Ecco or l’imperio, ecco le pompe e’ fasti, ecco la fama e’ l nome mio che suona! Non basta tutto il mondo si ribelli; c’ho perso ancora i miei cari fratelli.

Uno lo conforta e dice: O signor nostro, quando il capo duole, ogn’altro membro ancor del corpo pate. Perdere il cor sí presto non si vuole: piglia del mal, se v’è, niuna bontate. Chi sa quel che sia meglio? Nascer suole discordia tra fratei molte fiate: forse che la fortuna te gli ha tolti, acciò che in te sol sia quel ch’era in molti.

Ritorna in sedia e lo scettro ripiglia, ed accomoda il core a questo caso, e prendi dello imperio in man la briglia, e Dio ringrazia che se’ sol rimaso. Lo imperadore dice: Io vo’ far quel che ’l mio fedel consiglia e quel che la ragion m’ha persuaso; tornar in sedia, come mi conforti:

co’ vivi i vivi, i morti sien co’ morti. Io so che questa mia persecuzione da un error che io fo, tutto procede; perch’io sopporto in mia iurisdizione questa vil gente, quale a Cristo crede: io vo’ levar, se questa è la cagione, perseguitando, questa vana fede; uccidere e pigliar sia chi si voglia. Oimè, il cor! quest’è l’ultima doglia.

Dette queste parole, si muore, e quelli che restono si consigliano, ed uno di loro parla: Noi siam restati sanza capo o guida: l’imperio a questo modo non sta bene: il popol rugghia, e tutto ’l mondo grida. Far nuovo successor presto conviene. Se c’è tra noi alcun che si confida trovare a chi lo imperio s’appartiene, presto lo dica: ed in sedia sia messo. Quant’io per me, non so giá qual sia desso.

Un altro. E’ c’è Giulian, di Costantin nipote, ché, benché mago e monaco sia stato, è di gran cuore, e d’ingegno assai puote, ed è del sangue dello imperio nato: bench’egli stia in parte assai remote, verrá, sentendo il regno gli sia dato. Un terzo. Questo a me piace.

Un quarto dice: Ed a me molto aggrada. Primo. Orsú! presto, per lui un di noi vada. Giuliano, nuovo imperadore.

Quand’io penso chi stato è in questa sede, non so s’io mi rallegri o s’io mi doglia d’esser di Giulio e d’Augusto erede; né so se imperadore esser mi voglia. Allor, dove quest’aquila si vede, tremava il mondo, come al vento foglia: ora in quel poco imperio che ci resta ogni vil terra vuol rizzar la cresta.

Da quella parte lá, donde il sol muove, infin dove poi stracco si ripone, eron temute le romane pruove: or siam del mondo una derisione. Poiché fûr tolti i sacrifizi a Giove, a Marte, a Febo, a Minerva, a Giunone, e tolto è ’l simulacro alla Vittoria, non ebbe questo imperio alcuna gloria.

E però son fermamente disposto, ammonito da questi certi esempli, che ’l simulacro alla Vittoria posto sia al suo luogo, e tutti aperti i templi; e ad ogni cristian sia tolta tosto la roba, acciò che libero contempli; ché Cristo disse a chi vuol la sua fede: «Renunzi a ogni cosa ch’e’ possiede».

Questo si truova ne’ Vangeli scritto: io fui cristiano, allor lo intesi appunto. E però fate far pubblico editto: «Chi è cristian, roba non abbi punto — né di questo debb’esser molto afflitto chi veramente con Cristo è congiunto: — la roba di colui che a Cristo creda sia di chi se la truova giusta preda».

Uno, che accusa Giovanni e Paulo. O imperador, in Ostia, giá molti anni, posseggon roba e possession assai due cristiani, cioè Paulo e Giovanni, né il tuo editto obbedito hanno mai. Giuliano imperadore. Costor son lupi, e di pecore han panni; ma noi gli toserem, come vedrai. Va’ tu medesmo; usa ogni diligenzia,

acciò che sian condotti in mia presenzia. Che val signor, che obbedito non sia da’ suoi soggetti, e massime allo inizio? Perché un rettor d’una podesteria ne’ primi quattro dí fa il suo offizio: bisogna conservar la signoria reputata, con pena e con supplizio. Intendo, poi ch’io son quassú salito, ad ogni modo d’essere obbedito.

A Giovanni e Paulo, condotti dinanzi all’imperadore, esso imperadore Giuliano dice: Molto mi duol di voi, dappoi ch’io sento che siate cristian veri e battezzati; ché, benché assai fanciullo, io mi rammento quanto eri a Costantin, mio avol, grati: pure stimo piú il mio comandamento; ché la reputazion mantien gli Stati. Ora, in poche parole: o voi lasciate la roba tutta, ovver Giove adorate.

Giovanni e Paulo. Come a te piace, signor, puoi disporre della roba, e la vita anche è in tua mano: questa ci puoi, quando ti piace, tôrre; ma della fede ogni tua pruova è invano. E chi a Giove, vano dio, ricorre, erra; e ben crede ogni fedel cristiano: vogliamo ir per la via che Gesú mostra: fa’ quel che vuoi; questa è la voglia nostra.

Giuliano imperadore dice: S’io guardassi alla vostra ostinazione, io farei far di voi crudele strazio: pietá di voi mi fa compassione; se non, del vostro mal mai sare’ sazio. Ma il tempo spesse volte l’uom dispone: però vi do di dieci giorni spazio a lasciar questa vostra fede stolta; e se no, poi vi sia la vita tolta.

Or va’, Terenziano, e teco porta di Giove quella bella statuetta; e in questi dieci di costor conforta che adorin questa, e Cristo si dimetta: se stanno forti a ir per la via torta, il capo lor giú dalle spalle getta. Pensate ben, se la vita v’è tolta, che non ci si ritorna un’altra volta.

Giovanni e Paulo. O imperadore, invan ci dái tal termine, però che sempre buon cristian saremo: il zel di Dio e questo dolce vermine ci mangia e mangerá fino allo estremo: il gran, che muore in terra, sol par germine; per morte adunque non ci pentiremo: e, se pur noi ci potessim pentire, per non potere abbiam caro il morire.

Dunque fa’ pur di noi quel che tu vuoi: paura non ci fa la morte atroce. Ecco! giú ’l collo lieti porrem noi per Quel che pose tutto ’l corpo in croce. Tu fusti pur ancor tu giá de’ suoi; or sordo non piú odi la sua voce. Fa’ conto questo termin sia passato: il corpo è tuo, lo spirito a Dio è dato.

Giuliano imperadore. E’ si può bene a forza a un far male, ma non giá bene a forza è far permesso: nella legge di Cristo un detto è tale: che «Dio non salva te sanza te stesso»: e questo detto è vero e naturale (benché tal fede vera non confesso). Da poi che il mio pregar con voi è vano, va’, fa’ l’officio tuo, Terenziano.

Terenziano a Giovanni e Paulo dice: E’ m’incresce di voi, che, giovinetti, andate come pecore al macello. Deh! pentitevi ancor, o poveretti, prima che al collo sentiate il coltello. Giovanni. Se a questa morte noi saremo eletti, fu morto ancor lo immaculato Agnello. Non ti curar de’ nostri teneri anni:

la morte è uno uscir di molti affanni. Terenziano. Questa figura d’oro che in man porto l’onnipotente Giove rappresenta: non è meglio adorarla ch’esser morto, poiché lo imperador se ne contenta? Paulo. Tu se’, Terenzian, pur poco accorto: chi dice: — Giove è Dio, — convien che menta: Giove è pianeta, che il suo ciel sol muove;

ma piú alta potenzia muove Giove. Giovanni. Ma ben faresti tu, Terenziano, se adorassi il dolce Dio Gesúe. Terenziano. Quest’è appunto quel che vuol Giuliano: e meglio fia non se ne parli piúe. Qua venga il boia: e voi di mano in mano, per esser morti, vi porrete giúe. Su, mastro Pier, gli occhi a costor due lega,

ch’i’ veggo il ciambellotto ha fatto piega. Posti ginocchioni con gli occhi legati, insieme dicono cosí: O Gesú dolce misericordioso, che insanguinasti il sacrosanto legno del tuo sangue innocente e prezioso per purgar l’uomo e farlo del ciel degno; volgi gli occhi a due giovani, pietoso, che speran rivederti nel tuo regno. Sangue spargesti e sangue ti rendiamo: ricevilo, ché lieti te lo diamo.

Giuliano imperadore. Chi regge imperio e in capo tien corona, sanza reputazion, non par che imperi; né puossi dir sia privata persona: rappresentano il tutto i signor veri. Non è signor chi le cure abbandona e dássi a far tesoro o a’ piaceri: di quel raguna, e le cure lasciate, e del suo ozio, tutto il popol pate.

Se ha grande entrata, per distribuire liberalmente e con ragion, gli è data: faccia che ’l popol non possa patire dall’inimici, e tenga gente armata. Se ’l grano è caro, debbe suvvenire ché non muoia di fame la brigata: a’ poveretti ancor supplir conviene. E cosí ’l cumular mai non è bene.

La signoria, la roba dello impero, giá non è sua, anzi del popol tutto; e, benché del signor paia lo ’ntero, non è né ’l posseder, né l’usufrutto; ma distribuitore è ’l signor vero: l’onore ha sol di tal fatica frutto; l’onor, che fa ogn’altra cosa vile, ch’è ben gran premio al core alto e gentile.

Lo stimol dell’onor sempre mi punge, la fiamma della gloria è sempre accesa: questa sproni al caval, che corre, aggiunge, e vuol ch’io tenti nuova e grande impresa contra’ Parti, che stanno sí da lunge, da’ quai fu Roma molte volte offesa: e di molti romani il sangue aspetta, sparso da lor, ch’io faccia la vendetta.

Però sien tutte le mie gente in punto a compagnarmi a questa somma gloria. Su, volentier! non dubitate punto: a guerra non andiamo, anzi a vittoria: con la vostra virtú so ch’io li spunto. Le ingiurie antiche ho ancor nella memoria: il sangue di que’ buon vecchion romani fia vendicato per le vostre mani.

E’ fûrno i padri, di che siam discesi; onde conviensi la vendetta al filio. Mettete in punto tutti vostri arnesi; fate ogni sforzo: questo è il mio consilio: a una fava due colombi presi saranno; ché in Cesárea è ’l gran Basilio, nimico mio, amico di Gesúe: s’io ’l truovo lá, non scriverá mai piúe.

Su, tesorier, tutte le gente spaccia: quattro paghe in danar, due in panni e drappi; e fa’ che lor buon pagamenti faccia: convien far fatti, e non che ciarli o frappi. Fate venire innanzi alla mia faccia gli astrologi, ché ’l punto buon si sappi; Marte sia ben disposto e ben congiunto. Ditemi poi quando ogni cosa è in punto.

Il vescovo santo Basilio dice cosí: O Padre eterno, apri le labbra mia, e la mia bocca poi t’ará laudato: donami grazia che ’l mio orare sia sincero e puro e sanza alcun peccato: la Chiesa tua, la nostra madre pia, perseguitata veggio d’ogni lato; la Chiesa tua, da te per sposa eletta: fa’ ch’io ne vegga almen qualche vendetta.

La Vergine Maria apparisce sopra la sepultura di santo Mercurio, e dice: Esci, Mercurio, della oscura tomba; piglia la spada e l’arme giá lasciate. Sanza aspettar del Giudizio la tromba, da te sien le mie ingiurie vendicate. Il nome tristo di Giulian rimbomba nel cielo e le sue opre scellerate. Il cristian sangue vendicato sia: sappi ch’io son la Vergine Maria.

Giuliano imperador per questa strada debbe passare, o martir benedetto: dágli, Mercurio, con la giusta spada, sanza compassïone, a mezzo al petto: non voglio tanto error piú innanzi vada, per pietá del mio popol poveretto: uccidi questo rio venenoso angue, il qual si pasce sol del cristian sangue.

Il tesoriere torna allo imperadore, e dice: Invitto imperador, tutta tua gente in punto sta al tuo comandamento coperta d’arme belle e rilucente, e pargli d’appiccarsi ogn’ora cento: danari ho dati lor copiosamente: se gli vedrai, so ne sarai contento: mai non vedesti gente piú fiorita, armata bene, obbediente, ardita.

Gli astrologi, che fece chiamare lo imperadore, dicono: O imperador, noi ti facciam rapporto. Secondo il cielo, e’ c’è un sol periglio, il qual procede da un uom ch’è morto. Forse ti riderai di tal consiglio. Lo imperadore dice: S’io non ho altro male, io mi conforto: se un morto nuoce, io me ne maraviglio: guardimi Marte pur da spade e lance;

ché queste astrologie son tutte ciance. Il re e ’l savio son sopra le stelle: ond’io son fuor di questa vana legge: i buon punti e le buone ore son quelle che l’uom felice da se stesso elegge. Fate avviar le forti gente e belle: io seguirò, pastor di questa gregge. O valenti soldati, o popol forte, con voi starò, alla vita, alla morte.

Giuliano partesi con l’esercito. E, nel cammino ferito mortalmente da Santo Mercurio, dice: Mirabil cosa! in mezzo a tanti armati stata non è la mia vita secura. Questi non son de’ Parti fèr gli agguati; la morte ho avuta innanzi alla paura. Un solo ha tanti cristian vendicati. Fallace vita! oh nostra vana cura! Lo spirto è giá fuor del mio petto spinto.

O Cristo Galileo, tu hai pur vinto.

Scripture echoes

  1. Rev.14.1-Rev.14.4And I looked, and behold, the Lamb standing on Mount Zion, and with him one hundred forty-four thousand having his name and the name of his Father written on their foreheads. Rev.14.2 — And I heard a voice from heaven, like the sound of many waters and like the sound of a great thunder; and the voice that I heard was like harpists playing on their harps. Rev.14.3 — And they sing a new song before the throne and before the four living creatures and before the elders. And no one could learn that song except the hundred and forty-four thousand, those who have been redeemed from the earth. Rev.14.4 — These are the ones who have not been defiled with women, for they are virgins. These are the ones who follow the Lamb wherever he goes. These were redeemed from among mankind as firstfruits to God and to the Lamb.
  2. Ps.141.2;Rev.5.8May my prayer be set before you as incense; the lifting up of my hands as the evening sacrifice. Rev.5.8 — And when he took the scroll, the four living creatures and the twenty-four elders fell down before the Lamb, each having a harp and golden bowls full of incense, which are the prayers of the saints.
  3. 1John.2.15-1John.2.17;Jas.4.4Do not love the world, nor the things in the world. If anyone loves the world, the love of the Father is not in him. 1John.2.16 — For all that is in the world—the desire of the flesh and the desire of the eyes and the pride of life—is not from the Father, but is from the world. 1John.2.17 — And the world is passing away, and its desire; but the one who does the will of God remains forever. Jas.4.4 — Adulteresses, do you not know that friendship with the world is enmity toward God? Whoever therefore chooses to be a friend of the world is constituted an enemy of God.
  4. Phil.2.8And he humbled himself, becoming obedient to the point of death, even death on a cross.
  5. 2Cor.9.7Each one must give as he has decided in his heart, not reluctantly or under compulsion, for God loves a cheerful giver.
  6. Luke.14.33So therefore, none of you who does not say goodbye to all that he has can be my disciple.
  7. Luke.14.33So therefore, none of you who does not say goodbye to all that he has can be my disciple.
  8. Luke.23.46;Matt.10.28And Jesus, crying out with a loud voice, said, "Father, into your hands I commit my spirit." Having said this, he breathed his last. Matt.10.28 — And do not fear those who kill the body but cannot kill the soul; rather, fear the one who can destroy both soul and body in Gehenna.
  9. 1Pet.1.19but with the precious blood of Christ, as of a lamb without blemish and without spot
  10. 1Cor.15.52;1Thess.4.16in a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trumpet—for the trumpet will sound, and the dead will be raised imperishable, and we will be changed. 1Thess.4.16 — For the Lord himself will descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice of an archangel, and with the trumpet of God, and the dead in Christ will rise first.

Notes

  1. 1Renaissance Italian però here means 'therefore/so' (causal), not modern 'however'.
  2. 2Speaker label / dramatis-personae heading: Primo parente = the principal (first) kinsman speaking, not necessarily a chronological 'first' ancestor.
  3. 3arò = avrò ('I will have'); caggio = cado ('I fall'). legnaggio = lignaggio, lineage/stock. quando in viso ben riguardo: look carefully in the face / look you full in the face, grounding the claim of kinship.
  4. 4candido with agnello keeps the pure-white color of St. Agnes's traditional emblem (the lamb), not merely 'candid' in a moral sense.
  5. 5luci is poetic for 'eyes' (lights of the face); rendered as eyes.
  6. 6forni' l'intero = I did not complete the whole (speech/address); the incomplete invocation follows.
  7. 7Source sentence is only a bare period; likely a segmentation artifact around the interrupted address and the following stage of the vision.
  8. 8Source sentence is only a bare period; likely a segmentation artifact between the incomplete address and the vision's departure.
  9. 9avvocata: feminine advocate/intercessor (Marian title); merzé = mercé, mercy/favor petitioned of God.
  10. 10assai famiglia: household/retinue of servants rather than blood family; paired with ancille e servi.
  11. 11‘arte’ rendered as ‘skill’ (medical/technical art); could also be ‘the art of healing’ in a more clinical register.
  12. 12salute can mean health, healing, or salvation; context (sick body, Agnes's tomb) favors physical healing/recovery.
  13. 13Archaic Tuscan 'ègli suta accetta' read as 'ègli stata accetta' (it has been accepted by him). 'Monda e netta' both mean cleansed/pure; rendered as 'clean and pure' to keep the paired force without redundancy of synonyms alone.
  14. 14mondo here means clean/pure (not 'world'), parallel with netta and the prior vision's monda e netta; mal is the bodily affliction healed in the miracle.
  15. 15pietá rendered as pity (divine compassion); merti/meriti kept as merits for intercessory force of St. Agnes.
  16. 16Italian mondo here means clean/pure (after healing and as moral purity), not "the world." Petto is the breast as seat of heart and vowed chastity; rendered as heart for natural modern sense while keeping the bodily force of the outer/inner contrast.
  17. 17pietá divina rendered as divine mercy (compassion/pity); could also be divine piety, but the healing context favors mercy.
  18. 18Troppo son lieta: Renaissance intensifier 'too / so very glad,' not a complaint of excess; rendered as 'so overjoyed.' Per tuo rispetto: 'for your sake / out of regard for you.'
  19. 19Stage business: Costantino touches Costanza’s hand to confirm the healing is real. Older Italian gli for feminine dative is taken as her.
  20. 20Costanza's vow that God be her sposo (spouse) and her father's genero (son-in-law) is a consecration of virginity: God as mystical bridegroom, so He becomes the father's 'son-in-law' in that spiritual marriage.
  21. 21è suta gran pruova: suta = stata; pruova may mean proof, trial, or demonstration of power—rendered as 'proof' for the miracle's evidential force.
  22. 22scalco = table steward/carver; colezion = colazione, a meal or collation (not necessarily breakfast).
  23. 23fèr = fiero, 'fierce/proud'; popol robusto = a hardy, formidable people.
  24. 24e’ = essi/they (the Persians); fe’ = feci, first-person 'I made'.
  25. 25abbiam cerco = abbiamo cercato (‘we sought / went after’); fia = sarà (‘will be’).
  26. 26stato is political standing/power (the emperor’s estate), not a mental ‘state’; s’ella andava per un altro verso = ‘if it had gone another way / turned out otherwise.’
  27. 27arò is the archaic future of avere (modern avrò, 'I shall have'); rendered as 'if I can have' for natural contemporary speech while keeping the condition.
  28. 28a mano a mano: rendered as 'soon enough' (presently / in a little while); could also mean 'step by step' or 'by degrees' depending on pacing.
  29. 29stanza here means stay/remaining, not a poetic stanza; non t'incresca is a polite optative ('may it not displease you').
  30. 30ingegno vano: 'vain/empty wit or mind'; vano kept in the sense of futility/emptiness, not mere self-admiration.
  31. 31suggetto = political subject (underling of the emperor), not 'subject' as topic.
  32. 32ci ripara: remedy/repair for us; rendered as 'set this right' to keep the rescue sense without archaic 'avail us'.
  33. 33boccon del netto is idiomatic: a pure/net morsel, gain without dross or strings. Sense: nothing comes free and clear.
  34. 34Italian tedio here is emotional affliction/weariness of spirit, not modern 'tedium' or boredom; rendered as distress.
  35. 35Renaissance però here is consequential ('and so/therefore'), not adversative 'however'.
  36. 36Syntactic unit continues into the next section (RappGiovanniPaolo.1.2.35.s1: 'è fatto acciò che il chiegga Gallicano'). Translation keeps the enjambed cut.
  37. 37Continues Costantino’s enjambed line on Costanza’s youthful body (corpo… sano è fatto…). il most naturally points back to that body/hand in marriage; chiegga is subjunctive of chiedere (ask for/claim).
  38. 38stringerá la grazia: literally 'will tighten/restrict grace'; rendered as withhold to keep natural modern English while preserving the grace lexeme.
  39. 39quel c’ha presunto: what he has presumed/dared (to claim)—i.e., Costanza’s hand; not legal presumption alone.
  40. 40«tu me gli prometta» is the betrothal promise (promise me to him as wife); «impresa nuova» is the new military campaign (cf. next section on the war in Dacia).
  41. 41statichi = hostages (Renaissance Italian statico/statichi); meni = send/lead (imperative of menare).
  42. 42spira: God as the one who inspires/breathes virtues into Costanza; rendered as "breathes into you" to keep the pneumatic force without turning stiff.
  43. 43Gallican: same figure as Gallicano; English uses Gallicano for the proper name, matching neighboring sections.
  44. 44donna rendered as wife in this betrothal context; Renaissance sense is lady/consort, not merely ‘woman’.
  45. 45pratica di gente: social commerce/dealings with people, not ‘practice’ in the modern skill sense; sanza = senza.
  46. 46monda = cleansed/purged (from mondare); mal = illness/ailment in this healing-plot context; consente in te kept as consent directed to the addressee.
  47. 47sicurtá rendered as “sureties” (hostages/pledges guaranteeing the alliance), not mere “safety.” merrai is from menare: “you will take/lead with you.”
  48. 48virtúe here is military valor/prowess (not moral virtue alone); daci = the Dacians.
  49. 49Italian divo is the imperial epithet 'divine/sacred' (as of the Roman emperor), not Christian divinity; rendered 'sacred' to keep the courtly address without sounding mock-religious.
  50. 50Costanza sanza questo m'è tormento can mean either that Constance herself is torment without these duties secured, or that having Constance without them would be torment; the translation follows the latter sense, which fits the preceding marriage grant.
  51. 51virtú here is military virtus (prowess/valor), not moral or theological virtue; rendered 'valor'.
  52. 52Però here is consecutive ('so/therefore'), not adversative 'however', following the counsel of prompt action in s1.
  53. 53dilezione rendered as love (affectionate, almost parental care), not Eucharistic or purely theological charity.
  54. 54nutriti nella ruggine del ferro: kept as the concrete image 'reared in the rust of iron' (hardened among weapons / bred for steel), not paraphrased away.
  55. 55«Fortuna» is personified Fortune (not mere luck); «ella» in «che ancor ella vincer vuole» refers back to Fortune as the power that still seeks victory in the war.
  56. 56Source reading «piúe» treated as «più» (more/again) in «mai più».
  57. 57«un buon padre e degno» refers, in context of the preceding speech, to the emperor offered as surrogate father if Gallicanus dies; rendered as that shown substitute, not a second biological father.
  58. 58de’ suoi par c’è mille: ‘par’ = peers/equals; rendered as ‘a thousand like him’ (many comparable captains), not ‘a thousand of his men.’
  59. 59Sentence is incomplete at section break; completion continues in RappGiovanniPaolo.1.2.51.s1 (‘will soon return with victory and in health’).
  60. 60‘baciarti … ed a mie figlie il volto’ is elliptical: kiss your foot and (kiss) my daughters’ faces in farewell; ‘volto’ = face/countenance, not ‘turn’ here.
  61. 61‘osserva molto’ can mean ‘holds in high regard’ or ‘watches over carefully’; the protective right/left-hand image favors the guardianship sense.
  62. 62Gallicanus still speaks as a pagan general: he offers sacrifice to Mars, yet names 'Dio' (God) as the power without which force and craft fail. Keep both Mars and God; do not Christianize the speech.
  63. 63Italian botai is the archaic form of votai, 'I vowed' (not a modern spelling error).
  64. 64corpo mondo: mondo here is the adjective 'pure/clean,' not 'the world' (al mondo earlier in the speech).
  65. 65Dio fecondo: 'fruitful/fertile God'—kept as a solemn praise epithet rather than paraphrased away.
  66. 66Caritá is capitalized and addressed as a personified divine attribute (perfect Charity); caritate in the next line is the same virtue filling the heart. Rendered as Charity/charity to preserve both address and theological sense rather than flattening all to love.
  67. 67petti casti is literally 'chaste breasts/chests'; rendered as 'chaste hearts' for modern readability while keeping the bodily-purity force of the offering that parallels the preceding 'three virgin bodies'.
  68. 68«diamci drento» (dialectal/literary for diamoci dentro): charge in / throw ourselves into the fray.
  69. 69Stato can mean condition, estate, or political dominion; rendered as bitter irony over imperial standing after defeat.
  70. 70campato a torto: spared/kept alive unjustly or against what was due; Fortuna personified as Fortune.
  71. 71Costantin is the truncated Renaissance form of Costantino (Constantine); kept as the personal/imperial name rather than the city alone.
  72. 72sanza Dio non si volge in ramo foglia is a proverbial image of providence: not even a leaf stirs without God. Rendered closely rather than flattened into a generic 'nothing happens without God.'
  73. 73fumo e boria: idiomatic for the smoke of conceit and haughty swagger; rendered as vanity and arrogance.
  74. 74staio is a dry measure (bushel/modius); rendered as 'measure' to keep the hundredfold agricultural image without archaic farming jargon. gente ed onore in this military-conversion context is taken as followers/subjects and honor, not generic 'people and glory' only.
  75. 75magnificenzia rendered as 'majesty' for natural contemporary prayer address; the Italian keeps courtly-devotional 'magnificence'.
  76. 76gente can mean people, company, or military host; rendered as host given the following miraculous arrival of soldiers.
  77. 77passavolante, archibusi, and spingarde are period artillery and firearms; rendered as culverins, arquebuses, and swivel guns to keep the siege inventory concrete without archaizing the whole line.
  78. 78guastator = guastatori (siege sappers/pioneers who wreck fortifications); fascine are brushwood bundles used in siege works.
  79. 79intenda: here 'see to / oversee / take charge of,' not merely 'understand.'
  80. 80«condotta» here is the contracted military pay (condottieri stipend), not moral conduct; rendered as «pay».
  81. 81«all'altra coppia» with «cinquecento e poi cento» marks the second and third places (500 and 100), matching the ranked rewards named in the following proclamation.
  82. 82a mano a mano: rendered as 'at once' (prompt surrender); also readable as 'hand to hand' / without delay in handing the place over.
  83. 83campo: the besieging army/camp; saccomanno: sack and plunder.
  84. 84primi montator: first to scale the walls (cf. previous section's reward for first over the walls); per gradi: by ranks/degrees of place.
  85. 85lassi: wretched/unfortunate; kept as a cry of desolation rather than a full clause.
  86. 86con l’altra preda: rendered as ‘with the rest of the spoils’ (they are carried off among the booty); could also be read as ‘as further prey.’
  87. 87grazia here is courtly favor/clemency from the conqueror, not divine grace; rendered as grace to keep the source word’s force without doctrinal overclaim.
  88. 88Dell’una e l’altra etá is elliptical: pity and pain for both ages (the young sons and the old father of the previous speech). Però here is consecutive 'therefore/so,' not adversative 'however.'
  89. 89beveraggio is a drink/refreshment, used here as a messenger's reward; Constantine echoes the same word in the next section.
  90. 90Proverbial generalizing plural (portano): men of this sort keep falsehood ready on the tongue and hide the truth close to the heart.
  91. 91«fioriranno, se queste rose fièno» is proverbial/metaphorical: the report will flower only if the claims prove genuine roses. «beveraggio» answers the messenger's request for a drink in the previous section.
  92. 92"ella andò prima a ritroso": ella most naturally points to the campaign/war (guerra, fem.); a ritroso means backward / the wrong way. Rendered as the venture first going poorly, not a literal reverse march.
  93. 93Fortuna is personified as ministra di Dio (God's minister/handmaid): retained as Fortune under divine agency, not as independent pagan fate.
  94. 94San Piero: Saint Peter's (Rome), where Gallicanus says he has just rendered thanks.
  95. 95Archaic sutami (sotto a me) is taken as the marital sense: Constance was granted him as wife; he now frees the emperor from that betrothal promise.
  96. 96cristiana scuola: school/teaching of the Christian faith (not a physical school).
  97. 97palme: victory palms / triumphs, classical triumphal imagery.
  98. 98Read as the true good (il vero bene), not merely 'truly well'; that fits the spiritual counsel and Renaissance Christian diction.
  99. 99Rendered as scorn; also shades into vexation, contempt, or hard grievance in older Italian.
  100. 100In 'io li concedi', li most naturally points back to the trembling limbs (or the body as a whole); rendered as 'them' for the rest age demands after long labor.
  101. 101"la natura e la ragion" rendered as "nature and reason" — natural right of primogeniture and rational claim to sole rule, not grace; kept as Cosimo/Constantine’s political argument.
  102. 102grato can mean 'grateful' or 'agreeable/gracious'; here paired with benigno of the prospective ruler, 'gracious' fits better than 'grateful'.
  103. 103Archaic past participle of essere (stato): 'that has always been' among us.
  104. 104Stati = ranks/stations of dignity, not political 'states' in the modern sense.
  105. 105«insulto» here is the Renaissance sense of armed assault/outrage against the officials, not mere verbal insult.
  106. 106«fatica» is the labor/burden of governing; it aligns with the next section’s claim that reigning is a hardship.
  107. 107gastigate is older Italian for castigate/punish; rendered as 'punish' in plain modern English.
  108. 108«Io non ho piú fidati capitani» is read as comparative praise (“no captains more trusted [than you]”), which fits the address to Costante and Costanzio; the other possible reading is “I no longer have trusted captains.”
  109. 109The speech unit is open-ended in the source (trailing comma); the next printed section continues the reply.
  110. 110Speaker label / stage cue (Imperadore), not spoken dialogue.
  111. 111fede here is political/military fidelity (loyalty), not the theological virtue of faith.
  112. 112Source contrasts lo dio Marte (the god Mars) with Dio (God). Rendered to keep that distinction; Dio is capitalized in the source.
  113. 113«fante» is a foot soldier/servant-messenger; «esser messo di» means being charged with delivering or announcing; «processo» here is the course of events, not a legal trial.
  114. 114Italian 'a tempo' may mean 'for a time/season' or 'in due time'; the following lament on worldly vanity favors the temporary/seasonal sense.
  115. 115‘piglia del mal, se v’è, niuna bontate’ is compressed: literally ‘take of the evil, if there is any, no goodness.’ Rendered as counsel not to draw benefit/comfort from the misfortune; alternative parses (accept the evil if it has no good; generic ‘one takes no good from evil’) are possible.
  116. 116«vana fede» is the emperor’s hostile judgment on Christian belief; rendered as “empty faith” to keep both the charge of vanity and the sense of a faith he dismisses as worthless, without softening his persecutor’s voice.
  117. 117in sedia sia messo: literally 'let him be put in the seat'; rendered as enthronement (imperial throne), not ordinary seating.
  118. 118non so giá: Renaissance intensifier ('indeed / at all / yet'); desso = 'that one' (the rightful heir).
  119. 119mago: historically of Julian the Apostate; rendered 'magician' (not 'wise man') for the charge of occult practice. d’ingegno assai puote: capacity of mind/talent, not mere cleverness.
  120. 120Speaker is a pagan imperial voice blaming Christian suppression of the old cults for Rome's lost glory; 'simulacro alla Vittoria' is the statue/image of the goddess Victory.
  121. 121The speaker twists Christ's counsel of voluntary renunciation into a pretext for confiscating Christians' property (roba = goods/possessions).
  122. 122Sentence ends mid-command; the purpose clause continues in the next section (RappGiovanniPaolo.1.2.122.s1).
  123. 123podesteria is a late-medieval Florentine office/jurisdiction (podestà's district); rendered as 'district' for modern readability. supplizio can mean torment, capital punishment, or judicial severity.
  124. 124Old Italian eri with plural grati: rendered as plural you were (Giovanni and Paulo). avol = avolo, grandfather (Constantine).
  125. 125«il tempo spesse volte l'uom dispone» is proverbial: time often rearranges or softens a person's resolve. Rendered as «time often changes a man's mind» to fit the ten-day grace Julian is granting.
  126. 126dieci di = dieci dì, ‘ten days,’ matching the ten-day grace just granted in the previous speech.
  127. 127Here pentire means recanting the faith under threat of death, not general repentance for sin; rendered 'recant' to keep the martyr-trial force clear.
  128. 128Kept the source metaphor 'sweet worm': divine zeal as a consuming worm that eats them alive until the end.
  129. 129Addressed to Julian the Apostate: 'de’ suoi' = among Christ's own / one of His people; implies Julian's former Christian affiliation before apostasy.
  130. 130'termin' continues the emperor's 'termine' (deadline/ultimatum) from the previous speech; 'Fa’ conto' = reckon / take it as.
  131. 131The quoted maxim echoes Augustine (e.g. Serm. 169: God who made you without you will not justify you without you), not a direct biblical verse; Julian cites it while denying Christian faith.
  132. 132Italian Deh! is a pleading interjection (alas / oh / come now); rendered as a short cry of pity and urgency rather than a stiff 'alas'.
  133. 133Gesúe is a metrical/orthographic form of Gesù (Jesus).
  134. 134Giuliano is Emperor Julian (the Apostate); fia is archaic future of essere ('will be / would be').
  135. 135di mano in mano = one after another / in turn; vi porrete giúe = you will put yourselves down / kneel or go down (giù with metrical -e).
  136. 136ciambellotto is camlet (a fine cloth), here the blindfold fabric; ha fatto piega means it has taken a fold / folded over the eyes.
  137. 137sanza reputazion rendered as “without a good name” (public repute/esteem). rappresentano il tutto: true lords embody/represent the commonwealth as a whole, not a private interest.
  138. 138cure = cares of office / public duties. di quel raguna taken as “from that which he amasses/hoards,” parallel with le cure lasciate and del suo ozio as three causes of the people’s suffering.
  139. 139brigata: collective body of people / the populace under his care, not a military unit; rendered as 'the people'.
  140. 140Legal term (usufruct): rendered as 'the right to use it' for modern readability; ownership (posseder) and use-rights are both denied the ruler in favor of stewardship.
  141. 141Su, volentier! is a brief rallying assent/exhortation; could also be staged as a troop reply ('Gladly!'). Rendered as the speaker's eager command.
  142. 142spunto (from spuntare) can mean blunt, rout, or outdo; here military: defeat/rout the enemy (li).
  143. 143«a una fava due colombi presi saranno» is a proverb for gaining two advantages with one act (lit. ‘two doves taken for one bean’); rendered with the natural English equivalent ‘two birds with one stone’.
  144. 144punto buon is the favorable astrological moment (election of the hour), not moral goodness.
  145. 145ingiurie: wrongs/outrages done against Mary and the Church (injuries in the older sense of insults and harms), not merely private hurt feelings.
  146. 146tristo: wretched / ill-omened / infamous rather than merely sad; Giulian = Julian the Apostate.
  147. 147Marte is the pagan god of war, not the planet alone: the emperor appeals to Mars for protection from real weapons while scorning the dead-man omen.
  148. 148"buon punti e le buone ore" are astrological terms for auspicious points/hours; rendered as "favorable moments and lucky hours" rather than technical jargon.
  149. 149Santo Mercurio is Saint Mercurius, the military martyr of the Julian legend who strikes the Apostate; not the classical god Mercury.
  150. 150Parti = Parthians (Julian's Persian campaign foes); fèr = fierce. The line contrasts expected wartime ambush with a sudden, unfeared death-blow.

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