De principalium nominum expositione

De principalium nominum expositione

Regarding the principal names and their meanings, we should now speak. ,. It's necessary to explain the main terms so that we can now speak about their meanings clearly. It should be evident that the chosen ones are fitting. Rule over them, O Lord. . The ruler. Therefore, it is said to be from commanding, since it exercises authority over the entire body of the empire; consider whose power to command has been granted by the whole community. He is a man of great majesty, whose authority it is to command and to whom the whole universe must obey! How great is the discretion of the soul, how heavy the weight of maturity, that it must resolve sacred matters into words, by whose voice kingdoms are moved, whose face all eyes are turned to, whose edicts prepare either destruction for the world or salvation! The divine emperor is also divine. Flower. It is said that a person should be like a divine being, in that they ought to resemble the three gods in piety, patience, and generosity. First, the name Augustus was given to Octavian. Among all virtues, piety holds the foremost place in a leader. The whole world, as Seneca says, would have perished without anger. Mercy would end. Therefore, it is often said that the pious emperor should be called so, so that when he sees the name of piety applied to himself, he may remember that he ought not to lack the significance of the name, just as he should not lack the honor. A ruler must also be patient, so that he is neither vindictive in spirit nor rash in action. For, as the poet says: "If men sin, Jupiter will send down his bolts of lightning, but he will be defenseless for a short time." If men sin, Jupiter will send down his bolts of lightning, but he will be defenseless for a short time. It is also proper for a ruler to be generous, so that he may provide benefits to all, not only to those who deserve it, but even to the ungrateful, to the extent that it is not just for life. He provides support to the deserving in death, but often also grants life to those who are unworthy, remembering that He is the highest prince. The Creator of all things makes His sun rise on both the just and the unjust, and though provoked to anger, He sends down only a few small things as punishment, while He forgives many. It's better to frighten than to destroy; it's better to instruct many than to destroy one. Sometimes it's necessary to exercise a more serious correction. From this, Ovid, Epp. What is a poet? When they strike one, they don't terrify another. Hence it was said that he was called to enhance the public good. Taste. One shouldn't be concerned only with personal or family matters, but rather with the common good; one should act for the benefit of all, not just for oneself. This name, Octavian Caesar, was given after he defeated Antony at the promontory of Actium, as a mark of honor from the Romans to the city of Rome, which he had victoriously reclaimed. He is called the Father of the Fatherland. Distinction I. Let the leader, through this title of father, embrace the homeland with affection, and just as a father shows mercy to his children, so let the prince learn to be gentle toward the people he governs. Kex, however, received his name from ruling, because he first governed. He must govern the people entrusted to him; for how can he lead others if he himself is not properly governed? But in steering a ship, the art of navigation seems necessary; how much more so in governing a kingdom, where there are either the few dangers of the few or the many dangers of the many at stake. When the incompetence of a few in the population leads to disaster, how much more so for the entire community. If, therefore, the ruler of a city is rightly commended for his diligence, how much more so is the world and its inhabitants? Otherwise, it is subjected to the nation. Tcrent. ,. M. , if it could be called comic: "Patron is the one who gets whom you defend." A prince is called the first head. Just as the head of a human or any animal doesn't only see or hear for itself, but is essential for the governance of the whole body, using both its own senses and those of other body parts, so too the head of a kingdom or empire is not only bound not to hear or see, but also not to live for itself, but rather for its subjects. For just as a head without limbs is not truly a head, so a leader without subjects is not truly a leader. He must lead others, because he is responsible for guiding them. So if someone is either blind or ignorant of the way, how can they lead others? Isn't it true that if a blind person leads, both will fall into the pit? " Do they fall into a pit?" "A consul is called that because he should help the public good through counsel, or because he is often consulted about public affairs and needs to be convened. But how can one presume to offer counsel to others without first being guided by counsel themselves? Isn't it true, as the poet says: "Without counsel, the mind falls into ruin?" "The one who presides is said to do so from a place of authority, since he must support others and bear the responsibility for them." But if he presides. Or, III. . a correction. From where does it come? What good is it to be unaware or to be more concerned with being than with doing good, when he himself will be judged by others based on his own abilities? A count is called so because he should accompany many; thus, a count must take care to lead himself and those under his care to a happy outcome. Therefore, since the Emperor derives his title from commanding, the King from ruling, the Consul from advising, the Duke from leading, and the President from presiding, if the essence of names and the properties of the things from which they descend pass into others, and all actions are transmitted into subjects, it is clear and evident that the principal men have ascended not only for themselves but for the entrusted multitude and the degrees of dignity. Just as the rulers of the earth have received their titles from their offices and dignities, so too have the leaders of the churches. It is said that the Pope is like a father to the fathers or a guardian of the fathers. He is also called universal because he presides over the whole Church. He is also called Apostolic because he serves in the place of the chief of the apostles. Here, he is also called the Supreme Pontiff because he seems to be the head of all bishops. The name of this one changes in ordination because Peter's name was changed by Christ in the selection of the Church. To him are also entrusted the keys, because the keys of the kingdom of heaven were given to Peter by the Lord, so that he might know himself to be the gatekeeper of heaven, into which he should introduce the Church. This Melchizedek was appointed to the priesthood, whose priesthood was incomparable to others. The Pope's role is to organize Masses and services, to adjust the canons as needed for the benefit of the Church, to consecrate the August, to provide palliums to archbishops, and to grant privileges to bishops. Aii. , i. . About ecclesiastical dignities, first, it is said that the term 'pope' comes from. "Rentius" (p. ,. ) is mostly about the divine offices and the ancient rite of the Mass. The term 'capp.' refers to the liturgical practices and traditions associated with the Mass. Or to give to other religious, the whole Church, as to Christ, is a matter of great importance. Therefore, the pope governs the Church of Christ, while bishops serve in the place of the apostles. The disciples express this, while the remaining ministers, the deacons, are appointed by the apostles. A patriarch is called the highest of the fathers or the chief of the fathers; a patriarch is also said to preside over a patriarchate or a church. Only three are mentioned, whose figure Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob are said to have taken. Therefore, one of these holds a principal authority. Another is from the patriarchate. In Asia, one held authority, who presided either as a leader or bishop in Antioch; another had primacy in Africa, who held the episcopate in Alexandria; the third governed in Europe, who was adorned with the insignia of the Roman pontiff. The Church established these three principal sees because Peter, the chief of the apostles, consecrated them by his appointment; he presided over two of them, while the third was assigned to the Evangelist Mark. After the Nicaean Council granted this privilege to the Roman Pontiff, so that, just as Augustus was honored among kings, he himself would be honored among all bishops and be called Pope, the right of patriarchate was transferred to the city of Constantinople, which is the second Rome. The reason other sees have changed is believed to be this. When Christians, having been instructed by the law of God, began to imitate the filthy works of pagans, they were handed over to the judgment of God into the hands of those who, after the Christians were removed, took possession of their places; hence, the Patriarchate of Antioch was transferred to Jerusalem, while the Alexandrian one was later established in Aquileia. Their duty is to consecrate archbishops, gather the council of bishops, and establish the decrees of the canons. The title of 'primate' is given to the first among archbishops, and it is derived from the name 'primus,' which has an accent on the last syllable, as it was originally pronounced in full. However, the role of a primate is the same as that of a patriarch, differing only in name. XJnde Cardinalcs. Undoubtedly, it's important. Therefore, an archbishop or a metropolitan. Therefore, the bishop. Therefore, it is necessary. Cardinals are named after the hinge because the door turns around the hinge; in the same way, everything revolves around the cardinals. Just as the hinges of a door move around a pivot, may gold or silver be of such importance to the heart. The legates are called so because they are sent to various parts of the world by the pope for church matters. Regarding this, Abbot Bernard criticized their greed and desire, writing to Pope Eugene: "Your envoys should return to you weary from their journey, not stuffed full of excess." An archbishop is called the highest bishop or the chief of bishops; indeed, the term archbishop signifies the highest or chief position. The same is also called metropolitan; the city is referred to as the mother of cities, deriving its name from 'metros,' which means measure, because it stands out as the proper measure among other cities, and for this reason, the bishops of the principal cities are called metropolitans. The duty of these is to consecrate bishops, gather councils, and restore the lost laws. Moses had this duty, who consecrated Aaron as high priest with oil. Before these, the cross is carried and adorned with a pallium like a crown; those who imitate the crucified Christ are rewarded with the crown of victory. An episcopal leader is called one who looks down from above, as if overseeing the morals and lives of those under him. Just as a watchman in a high tower looks out from all sides, so the bishop is placed like a lookout to oversee the people under his care. Just as a lookout is placed on a high tower to observe approaching enemies and encourage the citizens to resist, so the bishop is positioned like a watchman, aiming to prepare the people against the enemies of demons and heresies. Here, too, the bishop is called a presiding officer, either because he is thought to preside over consultation, or as if he were a kind of presiding authority. The term 'praistitiitu' is used here, possibly indicating a role of presiding or leading in consultation. Here, the bishop is also called an antistes, which means 'one who stands against'—like a shepherd standing against wolves to protect the sheep. A bishop is also called a pontiff, as if he were a bridge; thus, the life of the bishop should serve as a bridge for the people over the sea of this world, leading them to the homeland of Paradise. A bishop is called a pontiff because he serves as a bridge for the people, guiding them with sound teaching over the marshes of heresy to the courts of life. He leads. Thus, in ancient times, the High Priest was called the one who was sacred. . . . . . . . "The priests and Levites were appointed; here is the name of the Lord." The tetragrammaton was carried, and once a year for the people, it was offered. It is. He was offering. In the Law, Aaron is the first anointed high priest; in the Gospel, however, James the Apostle is the first among the apostles from Jerusalem, having been ordained as bishop. Therefore, when he is ordained, he is the first among them. . . . . The twelve apostles were consecrated in Jerusalem, as it is thought, at least from three, to be consecrated. Paul was ordained by Peter, James, and John. What is anointed with oil is received by law, in which both king and priest or prophet were anointed with holy oil. The blessing given through the laying on of hands is believed to have originated from the fact that Jacob laid his hands on him as he blessed him, and Moses on Joshua. He laid hands on him while making him a leader, and the Lord in the Gospel laid hands on the apostles while appointing them as leaders and priests of the Church; but the apostles also laid hands on others when they gave the Holy Spirit. His duty is to ordain priests and other ministers of the church, to veil virgins, to confirm the baptized, to consecrate chrism and oil, to dedicate churches, to sanctify vessels and vestments of the church with blessing, to excommunicate the rebellious, and to reconcile the penitent. From where do the staff and the rings come? From where does the archpriest come? Note. Therefore, the Dean. Therefore, it is established. Therefore, the Economus. Therefore, the Lord. Therefore, Castaldus. To strengthen ecclesiastical laws, either in the assembly of clerics or in the gathering of the people. To this person, while the governance of the Church is entrusted, a staff is given like that of a shepherd, and a ring is given like that of an apocrisiarius, which means a seal for secrets, so that he may guide the flock to the pastures of life with the staff of teaching and may lead them, and may seal the secrets of the Scriptures of Christ with the ring of faith. Even so, as Jerome says, the same presbyters who were also bishops managed all ecclesiastical offices and sacraments in common, and the archpriest is called the highest presbyter or principal, whom some consider to be the same as the dean, appointed over other presbyters and clerics for the sake of administration. Some say that the archpriest is the principal priest. In parish churches, where many both priests and lower clergy serve, there are several churches in Italy that are called parochial. A dean is someone who is appointed over at least ten priests. The one who is designated in the church as a presbyter is recognized as being placed under the bishop; and it seems that this role is the same as that of a provost, which exists in larger churches as a dean. The economus is the one to whom the care of church matters is entrusted, with the consent of the canons; he has jurisdiction in both spiritual and temporal matters, and thus this office belongs only to a cleric. The vicedominus oversees temporal matters related to the bishop's table, acting like a seneschal, and manages the care and administration of episcopal affairs. The castellan is responsible for the temporal matters concerning the bishop's table, acting as a steward and managing the bishop's affairs. in Ephesians. To Titus, chapter. (Migne, xxvi. Therefore, the presbyter is the same as the bishop; and they were governed by the common council of the presbyters of the Church. The cause of the administration of which he is in charge, etc. Thus, they called the leaders of the Lombards, the overseers of estates and villages, the actors of the lordly affairs, the procurators, the administrators, and the stewards. v. The steward can also be a layperson, just like the lord or the bailiff, and both can manage temporal affairs. The Sindic is the same as the actor of the university, and he can be a layperson here, but he must be trained in the matters at hand. Since the prescribed offices today are very mixed and less clearly distinct from one another, and since they are now largely obsolete and less commonly found in the church, their properties and differences are much less evident or manifest. A corepiscopus is only a presiding bishop; he conferred only on those of lower rank. But since the corepiscopes have, over time, raised themselves up in pride and have taken upon themselves an authority not granted to them, this office has long since completely vanished and has departed from the court. A presbyter is called a senior, not by age but by understanding; "for they are the senses of man." These are the leaders of the people in the law, like Korah, Dathan, and Abiram, or the temple officials, like Nicodemus and Gamaliel, through whom the people's sacrifices were offered. A presbyter is also called "the one who presents the way," meaning he guides the people from the exile of this world to the homeland of the heavenly kingdom. Their duty is to celebrate Masses, to offer sacrifices for the people, to distribute the Body of Christ, to preach, to baptize, to absolve penitents, to anoint the sick, to bury the dead, to gather the people for Mass, or for weddings, or for weapons, or for bags with staffs, or for judgments to be carried out and waters, or for candles, or for palms, or for ashes, or to bless whatever things pertain to food. A bishop lays hands on someone during ordination, granting the power to bind and to loose, so that they may live in such a way that they can bind and loose others. The Lord's yoke is gentle upon them, as their neck is girded with a stole, so that they may obey the law of God and be able to lead others. Note. Their hands are anointed with chrism so that everything they bless may be made holy, and that they may keep themselves from unclean works, so that they can worthily celebrate the Body of Christ. Therefore, it is said that a priest is like one who gives something sacred; for he gives the Holy Body of Christ. Or. The Body of Christ or other sacraments are given to the people. A priest is also called a "sacred leader" because he must provide life to the people through word and example. Here, the Body of Christ is offered and, because of the preeminence of all the sacraments, it is distributed in a way that is greater and far more excellent on the altar. Therefore, both priests of the order and those of higher rank are sometimes called by the Lord Christ, sometimes by angels, and sometimes even by gods. From Levi, the son of Jacob, they are called Levites, which means 'those who are taken.' They serve through whom all sacrifices are offered by the priests. . They were serving; from them, Eleazar and Ithamar are appointed. The Church also appoints deacons, that is, ministers, because they serve the priests. To perform these duties, one must prepare the Lord's blood on the altar, distribute it to the people, grant permission for them to leave, and, if necessary, preach and baptize. The bishop gives the stole to those being ordained so that they may recognize themselves as bound by God's law and fully dedicate themselves to the service of God in every way. Therefore, the stole is placed on their left shoulders and not on the right, so that it may serve against spiritual evils. From the left they suggest and as if from the left they attack, that they may be fortified, and also have the right hand ready for ministry. The archdeacon is called the highest deacon, as it was in the past. Though today we see few like Stephen, Vincent, and Lawrence, that office remains good and holy in itself; and those who wish to avoid the occasions of sin that frequently arise in this office should strive to look down on worldly desires and carry out their duties with diligence and holiness, thereby becoming holy and chosen. The office of the archdeacon used to be significant in the church. If anyone wants to know, let them read the privilege of the archdeacon as summarized by Blessed Gregory, which is found in the book of Brocard, and begins like this: "The archdeacon's ministry is established in the church so that it may be seen as entrusted to the bishop," etc. All the various duties that are distributed among different offices in the major churches are found solely in the archdeacon's role. From the book of the Roman Order: "To the archdeacon..." . . GreK; lil. "A deacon should know that he is the bishop's representative." In all things, every care for the clergy, both in the city of those who are settled there and for those who inhabit the parishes, pertains to them, whether it concerns their conversion, their honor and restoration of the churches, or the teaching of the clergy and the studies of others, and they will have to give an account before God for the sins of the delinquent. "And that in the third year, if the bishop cannot, he should visit the entire parish and address all the matters that need correction among the bishops themselves," etc. From the Council of Toledo: "All..." Cap. . "The archdeacon must deliberate, organize, and carry out the matter or cause of justice concerning the priest, or the deacons, or the subdeacons." Therefore, let him be vigorous, prudent, cautious, and act in place of his bishop, taking care of the whole diocese. The archdeacon has authority over all external and rural clergy, including archpriests and deans, even in modern times. As can also be found in the decrees of Gratian, the head of Isidore, 63. In distinction, "If in the people," and twenty-five. In the distinction, in the chapter 'Perlectis,' it is stated. There is a part where it is connected among others and this is linked to: 'Archpriest chapter.' ! However, he should know that he is under the archdeacon and his directives. , Dist. "Just as their bishops should know how to obey and understand what specifically pertains to their ministry," etc. This also makes it relevant to this matter. If archpriests die in the parishes, or if they are removed for some offense, let the archdeacon go there as soon as possible and ensure that a worthy pastor is chosen by the election of the people. Let it be established. It is clear that the principal names, both ecclesiastical and secular, are established to indicate the dignity and duties of principal men, so as to suggest through these titles how much care and diligence they should have for those under their authority.