SR
Dark Night of the Soul/Book 1 · Noche oscura del alma
Chapter 40NocheOscura.1.40

Libro Segundo — Capítulo 21

The Soul's Spiritual Disguise

The soul adopts a spiritual disguise of faith, hope, and charity to safely navigate the dark night and win the favor of the Beloved.

This word “disguised” is explained, and the colors of the soul’s disguise in this night are set forth. 1. Now that we’ve explained why the soul calls this secret contemplation a ladder, we need to understand the third word of the verse: “disguised.” Why does the soul say she went out by this secret ladder disguised? 2. To understand this, you need to know that to disguise yourself is nothing other than to conceal yourself and cover up under a different outfit and appearance from the one that was naturally yours: now, under that form and dress, to show outwardly the will and aim the heart holds in order to win the grace and good will of the one you truly love; now also to hide from your rivals, and so be better able to carry out your purpose.1 You then choose the garments and livery that best represent and signify your heart’s affection, and with which you can best disguise yourself from your adversaries. 3. So here the soul, touched by the love of her Bridegroom, Christ, and seeking to win his favor and gain his will, goes out in a disguise that most vividly represents her spirit's affections—a disguise that allows her to slip safely past her adversaries and enemies: the devil, the world, and the flesh. The livery she wears consists of three main colors—white, green, and red—representing the three theological virtues: faith, hope, and charity. With these, she won't just win the grace and favor of her Beloved, but will also remain well-protected and safe from her three enemies.23 For faith is an interior tunic of a whiteness so lofty that it dazzles and scatters the sight of every understanding.4 So, when the soul is clothed in faith, the devil can neither see her nor manage to harm her; through faith, she is better protected against the devil—her strongest and craftiest enemy—than by any other virtue.

The White Tunic of Faith

Faith serves as the foundational white garment that protects the soul from the devil and secures union with God.

4. That is why Saint Peter (1 Pet. 5:9) found no greater protection than this for getting free of him, when he said: Resist him, standing firm in the faith.5 And to gain the grace and union of the Beloved, the soul can have no better tunic and inner shirt—as foundation and beginning of the other garments of the virtues—than this whiteness of faith, because without it, as the Apostle says (Heb. 11:6), it is impossible to please God; and with it, it is impossible not to please him, for he himself says through the prophet Hosea (2:20): I will betroth you to myself in faith.6 This is as much as to say: Soul, if you want to be united and betrothed to me, you must come clothed inwardly in faith. 5. The soul wore this whiteness of faith as she emerged from this dark night. As we mentioned, she walked in darkness and interior distress; her understanding offered no relief of light, neither from above, since heaven seemed closed and God hidden, nor from below, since those who taught her provided no satisfaction. Yet she suffered with constancy and persevered, passing through those trials without failing or abandoning the Beloved, who tests the faith of his Bride in trials and tribulations so that she may later truly say the words of David (Ps. 16:4): By the words of your lips I have kept to hard paths.

The Green Vest of Hope

Hope acts as a green vestment that detaches the soul from the world and fixes her eyes solely upon God.

6. Then, over this white tunic of faith, the soul puts on a second color: a green vest. As we mentioned, this signifies the virtue of hope, and through it, the soul first frees and shelters herself from her second enemy, the world.7 This green of living hope in God gives the soul such vitality, spirit, and upward focus toward eternal life that, compared to what she hopes for there, everything in the world seems—as is the truth—dry, withered, dead, and worthless.8 Here, she strips herself of all these worldly garments, setting her heart on nothing and hoping for nothing that is or will be in the world, living clothed only in the hope of eternal life. And so, with her heart raised so far above the world, not only can the world not touch or seize her heart—it cannot even catch sight of it. 7. And so, in this green livery and disguise, the soul remains very safe from this second enemy, the world. For Saint Paul calls hope (1 Thess. a piece of armor that protects the entire head, covering it so completely that nothing is left exposed except for a visor to see through.9 That is exactly what hope does: it covers all the senses of the soul's head so they don't plunge into anything of the world, leaving no opening for any arrow of this age to wound them. It leaves it only a visor so the eye can look upward, and nothing more—which is the ordinary work hope does in the soul: to lift the eyes to look at God, as David says (Ps. 24:15) what hope was doing in him when he said, Oculi mei semper ad Dominum—looking for no good from anywhere else, but, as he himself says in another psalm (122:2): Just as the eyes of the maidservant are fixed on the hands of her mistress, so are ours on our Lord God, until he has mercy on us, hoping in him.10 8. For this reason, the soul's Beloved is so pleased with this green livery—because she is always looking at God, sets her eyes on nothing else, and is content with him alone—that it's true to say she obtains from him as much as she hopes for from him. That is why the Bridegroom says to her in the Song of Songs (4:9) that with only the glance of one eye, she wounded his heart. Without this green livery of hope in God alone, it wouldn't have been fitting for the soul to go out on this venture of love, because she would have gained nothing, since what moves and conquers is persevering hope.11 9. The soul goes disguised in this livery of hope through this dark and secret night we have spoken of, since she goes so empty of every possession and support that she sets her eyes on nothing else, and her care on nothing but God, putting her mouth in the dust if by chance there may be hope, as we then cited from Jeremiah (Lam. 3:29).

The Crimson Robe of Charity

Charity, the crimson robe, perfects the soul's disguise and protects her from the flesh while making her pleasing to the Beloved.

10. Over the white and the green, for the finishing and perfection of this disguise and livery, the soul wears here the third color, which is an excellent crimson robe, by which the third virtue is denoted: charity. With charity it not only gives grace to the other two colors, but raises the soul so high in excellence that it sets her near God so beautiful and pleasing that she dares to say: Though I am dark, O daughters of Jerusalem!1213 'I am beautiful; and for that reason the King has loved me, and has brought me into his bed' (Song14 1:4). With this livery of charity—which is already the livery of love, and which kindles still more love in the Beloved—the soul is not only shielded and covered from the third enemy, which is the flesh (because where there is true love of God, love of self and of one's own things will not enter in); it even makes the other virtues valid, giving them vigor and strength to protect the soul, and grace and charm to please the Beloved with them, because without charity no virtue is pleasing before God; for this is the purple mentioned in the Song of Songs (3:10), on which God reclines when He sees Himself in the soul.15 The soul is clothed in this red livery when, as described earlier in the first song, it goes out from itself and from all created things in the dark night. Inflamed with yearnings of love, it ascends by this secret ladder of contemplation to the perfect union of love with God, its beloved salvation.

The Faculties and the Union of Love

The three theological virtues purify the soul's faculties—understanding, memory, and will—to prepare her for the final union of love.

11. So this is the disguise the soul says she wears in the night of faith by this secret ladder, and these are its three colors; they are an extremely apt disposition for the soul to unite with God according to her three faculties, which are understanding, memory, and will. Because faith darkens and empties the understanding of all its intelligence, and in this it disposes it for union with divine Wisdom. And hope empties the memory and turns it away from every possession of creatures, because, as Saint Paul says (Rom. 8:24), hope is of what is not possessed, and so it turns the memory away from what can be possessed and sets it on what it hopes for. For this reason, hope in God alone prepares the memory to be purely united with God. Charity, in the same way, empties and annihilates the will's affections and appetites for anything that isn't God, and focuses them only on him; this virtue thus prepares this faculty and unites it with God through love.16 And so, because the purpose of these virtues is to draw the soul away from everything that is less than God, they consequently also serve to join it to God. 12. And so, without truly walking in the garment of these three virtues, it's impossible to reach the perfection of union with God through love. Therefore, for the soul to attain what it was seeking—this loving and delightful union with its Beloved—this garment and disguise that the soul put on here was most necessary and fitting.17 And that the soul should also hit on putting it on and persevering in it until it reached so longed-for an aim and end as the union of love was a great blessing; and that is why this verse tells us so:18 Oh, happy fortune!

Read the original Latin

Declárase esta palabra “disfrazada”, y dícense los colores del disfraz del alma en esta noche

1. Resta, pues, ahora saber, después que habemos declarado las causas por que el alma llamaba a esta contemplación secreta escala, acerca de la tercera palabra del verso, conviene a saber disfrazada, por qué causa también dice el alma que ella salió por esta secreta escala disfrazada.

2. Para inteligencia de esto conviene saber que disfrazarse no es otra cosa que disimularse y encubrirse debajo de otro traje y figura que de suyo tenía: ahora por debajo de aquella forma y traje, mostrar de fuera la voluntad y pretensión que en el corazón tiene para ganar la gracia y voluntad de quien bien quiere; ahora también para encubrirse de sus émulos, y así poder hacer mejor su hecho. Y entonces aquellos trajes y librea toma que más represente y signifique la afección de su corazón, y con que mejor se pueda acerca de los contrarios disimular.

3. El alma, pues, aquí tocada del amor del Esposo Cristo, pretendiendo caerle en gracia y ganarle la voluntad, aquí sale disfrazada con aquel disfraz que más al vivo represente las afecciones de su espíritu y con que más segura vaya de los adversarios suyos y enemigos, que son: demonio, mundo y carne. Y así, la librea que lleva es de tres colores principales, que son blanco, verde y colorado, por los cuales son denotadas las tres virtudes teologales, que son: fe, esperanza y caridad, con las cuales no solamente ganará la gracia y voluntad de su Amado, pero irá muy amparada y segura de sus tres enemigos. Porque la fe es una túnica interior de una blancura tan levantada, que disgrega la vista de todo entendimiento. Y así, yendo el alma vestida de fe, no ve ni atina el demonio a empecerla, porque con la fe va muy amparada, más que con todas las demás virtudes, contra el demonio, que es el más fuerte y astuto enemigo.

4. Que, por eso, san Pedro (1 Pe. 5, 9) no halló otro mayor amparo que esta para librarse de él, cuando dijo: Cui resistite fortes in fide. Y para conseguir la gracia y unión del Amado no puede el alma haber mejor túnica y camisa interior, para fundamento y principio de las demás vestiduras de virtudes, que esta blancura de fe, porque sin ella, como dice el Apóstol (Heb. 11, 6), imposible es agradar a Dios, y con ella es imposible dejarle de agradar, pues él mismo dice por el profeta Oseas (2, 20); Desponsabo te mihi in fide. Que es como decir: Si te quieres, alma, unir y desposar conmigo, has de venir interiormente vestida de fe.

5. Esta blancura de fe llevaba el alma en la salida de esta noche oscura, cuando caminando, como habemos dicho arriba, en tinieblas y aprietos interiores, no dándole su entendimiento algún alivio de luz, ni de arriba, pues le parecía el cielo cerrado y Dios escondido, ni de abajo, pues los que la enseñaban no le satisfacían, sufrió con constancia y perseveró, pasando por aquellos trabajos sin desfallecer y faltar al Amado; el cual en los trabajos y tribulaciones prueba la fe de su Esposa, de manera que pueda ella después con verdad decir aquel dicho de David (Sal. 16, 4), es a saber: Por las palabras de tus labios yo guardé caminos duros.

6. Luego, sobre esta túnica blanca de fe se sobrepone aquí el alma el segundo color, que es una almilla de verde, por el cual, como dijimos, es significada la virtud de la esperanza; con la cual, cuanto a lo primero, el alma se libra y ampara del segundo enemigo, que es el mundo. Porque esta verdura de esperanza viva en Dios da al alma una tal viveza y animosidad y levantamiento a las cosas de la vida eterna, que, en comparación de lo que allí espera, todo lo del mundo le parece, como es la verdad, seco y lacio y muerto, de ningún valor. Y aquí se despoja y desnuda de todas estas vestiduras y traje del mundo, no poniendo su corazón en nada, ni esperando nada de lo que hay o ha de haber en él, viviendo solamente vestida de esperanza de vida eterna. Por lo cual, teniendo el corazón tan levantado del mundo, no sólo no le puede tocar y asir el corazón, pero ni alcanzarle de vista.

7. Y así, con esta verde librea y disfraz va el alma muy segura de este segundo enemigo del mundo. Porque a la esperanza llama san Pablo (1 Tes. 5, 8) yelmo de salud, que es una arma que ampara toda la cabeza y la cubre de manera que no la queda descubierto sino una visera por donde ver. Y eso tiene la esperanza, que todos los sentidos de la cabeza del alma cubre, de manera que no se engolfan en cosa ninguna del mundo, ni les quede por donde les pueda herir alguna saeta del siglo. Sólo le deja una visera para que el ojo pueda mirar hacia arriba, y no más, que es el oficio que de ordinario hace la esperanza en el alma, que es levantar los ojos a mirar a Dios, como dice David (Sal. 24, 15) que hacía en él cuando dijo: Oculi mei semper ad Dominum, no esperando bien ninguno de otra parte, sino, como él mismo en otro salmo (122, 2) dice: Que así como los ojos de la sierva están en las manos de su señora puestos, así los nuestros en Nuestro Señor Dios, hasta que se apiade de nosotros, esperando en él.

8. Por esta causa, de esta librea verde, porque siempre está mirando a Dios y no pone los ojos en otra cosa ni se paga sino sólo de él, se agrada tanto el Amado del alma, que es verdad decir que tanto alcanza de él cuanto ella de él espera. Que por eso el Esposo en los Cantares (4, 9) le dice a ella, que en solo el mirar de un ojo le llagó el corazón. Sin esta librea verde de sólo esperanza de Dios no le convenía al alma salir a esta pretensión de amor, porque no alcanzara nada, por cuanto la que mueve y vence es la esperanza porfiada.

9. De esta librea de esperanza va disfrazada el alma por esta oscura y secreta noche que habemos dicho, pues que va tan vacía de toda posesión y arrimo, que no lleva los ojos en otra cosa ni el cuidado si no es en Dios, poniendo en el polvo su boca si por ventura hubiere esperanza, como entonces alegamos de Jeremías (Lm. 3, 29).

10. Sobre el blanco y verde, para el remate y perfección de este disfraz y librea, lleva el alma aquí el tercer color, que es una excelente toga colorada, por la cual es denotada la tercera virtud, que es caridad, con la cual no solamente da gracia a las otras dos colores, pero hace levantar tanto al alma de punto, que la pone cerca de Dios tan hermosa y agradable, que se atreve ella a decir: Aunque soy morena, ¡oh hijas de Jerusalén! , soy hermosa; y por eso me ha amado el rey, y metídome en su lecho (Ct. 1, 4).

Con esta librea de caridad, que es ya la del amor, que en el Amado hace más amor, no sólo se ampara y encubre el alma del tercer enemigo, que es la carne (porque donde hay verdadero amor de Dios, no entrará amor de sí ni de sus cosas), pero aun hace válidas a las demás virtudes, dándoles vigor y fuerza para amparar al alma, y gracia y donaire para agradar al Amado con ellas, porque sin caridad ninguna virtud es graciosa delante de Dios; porque ésta es la púrpura que se dice en los Cantares (3, 10), sobre que se recuesta Dios, viéndose en el alma. De esta librea colorada va el alma vestida, cuando, como arriba queda declarado en la primera canción, en la noche oscura sale de sí y de todas las cosas criadas, con ansias en amores inflamada, por esta secreta escala de contemplación, a la perfecta unión de amor de Dios, su amada salud.

11. Este, pues, es el disfraz que el alma dice que lleva en la noche de fe por esta secreta escala, y éstas son las tres colores de él; las cuales son una acomodadísima disposición para unirse el alma con Dios según sus tres potencias, que son: entendimiento, memoria y voluntad.

Porque la fe oscurece y vacía al entendimiento de toda su inteligencia y en esto le dispone para unirle con la Sabiduría divina.

Y la esperanza vacía y aparta la memoria de toda la posesión de criatura, porque, como dice san Pablo (Rm. 8,24), la esperanza es de lo que no se posee, y así aparta la memoria de lo que se puede poseer, y pónela en lo que espera. Y por esto la esperanza de Dios sola dispone la memoria puramente para unirla con Dios.

La caridad, ni más ni menos, vacía y aniquila las afecciones y apetitos de la voluntad de cualquiera cosa que no es Dios, y sólo se los pone en él así esta virtud dispone esta potencia y la une con Dios por amor. Y así, porque estas virtudes tienen por oficio apartar al alma de todo lo que es menos que Dios, le tienen consiguientemente de juntarla con Dios.

12. Y así, sin caminar a las veras con el traje de estas tres virtudes, es imposible llegar a la perfección de unión con Dios por amor. De donde, para alcanzar el alma lo que pretendía, que era esta amorosa y deleitosa unión con su Amado, muy necesario y conveniente traje y disfraz fue este que tomó aquí el alma. Y también atinársele a vestir y perseverar con él hasta conseguir pretensión y fin tan deseado como era la unión de amor, fue gran ventura, y por eso nos lo dice este verso:

¡Oh dichosa ventura!

Scripture echoes

  1. Ps.17.4“As for human deeds, by the word of your lips I have kept away from the paths of the violent.”
  2. Song.4.9You have captivated my heart, my sister, my bride; you have captivated my heart with one glance of your eyes, with one jewel of your neck.
  3. Song.3.10Its pillars he made of silver, its backrest of gold, its seat of purple; its interior was inlaid with love by the daughters of Jerusalem.

Notes

  1. 1gracia y voluntad: rendered as 'grace and good will' for the beloved's favor, not as divine sanctifying grace alone; the next section applies the same phrase to Christ the Bridegroom.
  2. 2Spanish 'colorado' is rendered 'red' (Golden Age sense: crimson/red, not 'colored'). 'Librea' is kept as 'livery' for the courtly disguise allegory.
  3. 3'Caridad' rendered as 'charity' because it is named here as a theological virtue with faith and hope, not generic affection.
  4. 4'Disgrega la vista' rendered as 'dazzles and scatters the sight' to keep both the optical and cognitive force: faith's brilliance breaks up the mind's power to seize and hold what it sees.
  5. 5Source quotes the Vulgate Latin 'Cui resistite fortes in fide' (1 Pet. 5:9). Rendered in modern English; 'esta' points back to faith as the white interior tunic, and 'él' to the devil.
  6. 6Source quotes Hosea in Vulgate Latin ('Desponsabo te mihi in fide'). Rendered in modern English. 'Con ella' continues to mean with faith (the blancura de fe).
  7. 7almilla: a close-fitting under-vest or light doublet worn under outer dress; rendered as under-vest to keep the layered clothing image.
  8. 8animosidad in Golden Age Spanish here means spirited courage or vigor, not hostility; rendered as spirit.
  9. 9Spanish 'yelmo de salud' is the Pauline 'helmet of salvation' (1 Thess 5:8); 'salud' here means salvation, not physical health.
  10. 10Source numbers follow Vulgate/Spanish psalm numbering: Sal 24:15 ≈ modern Ps 25:15; Sal 122:2 ≈ modern Ps 123:2. Latin lemma preserved as quoted; English sense is 'My eyes are always toward the Lord.'
  11. 11pretensión de amor: rendered as 'venture of love' (the soul's loving claim/quest toward God), not modern 'pretension' as false display.
  12. 12Spanish caridad is rendered charity here as the named third theological virtue crowning faith (white) and hope (green); the next section equates this livery with love (amor).
  13. 13dar gracia a las otras dos colores keeps grace in the sense of beauty/charm conferred on the colors, not merely abstract divine favor; San Juan later pairs gracia with donaire.
  14. 14Spanish lecho is rendered bed, following the source surface rather than the more common English biblical 'chambers' for this Song verse.
  15. 15caridad is rendered as charity here because the surrounding chapter treats it as the third theological virtue crowning faith and hope; amor is kept as love for the mutual fire of affection between the soul and the Beloved.
  16. 16caridad is rendered as charity because the context is the theological virtue (parallel with faith and hope), not generic love; amor at the end is rendered love for the mode of union.
  17. 17traje y disfraz: keeps San Juan’s double image of dress and disguise (the soul’s outward covering for the night journey), not a theatrical costume alone.
  18. 18atinársele: impersonal dative construction — the soul’s fortunate success in lighting upon / hitting on this garb, not mere luck in the modern casual sense; rendered as ‘hit on’ to keep the sense of apt finding.

Dark Night of the Soul companion

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