SR
Dark Night of the Soul/Book 1 · Noche oscura del alma
Chapter 14NocheOscura.1.14

Libro Primero — Capítulo 11

The Inflammation of Divine Love

The soul experiences a hidden growth of love and detachment, even amidst the dryness of the dark night.

Here, the three lines of the song are explained. 1. This inflammation of love isn't usually felt at the beginning, because it hasn't yet kindled or taken hold due to the impurity of our nature, or because the soul doesn't provide it a peaceful place within itself by failing to understand itself, as we've said (though at times, with or without that, some longing for God begins to be felt right away). The further it goes, the more the soul finds itself drawn and inflamed with love for God, without knowing or understanding how or where this love and affection is born within it. It simply sees this flame and inflammation grow so strong at times that, with longings of love, it desires God—as David, being in this night, says of himself in these words (Ps. 72:21–22):1 “Because my heart was inflamed”—that is, in the love of contemplation—“my reins also were changed”; that is, my sensory appetites were changed, moving from the sensory life to the spiritual, which is the dryness and cessation in all of them that we've been describing. “And I,” he says, “was dissolved into nothing and annihilated, and I did not know.” For, as we've said, without the soul knowing which way it's going, it finds itself annihilated regarding all the things above and below that it used to enjoy, and sees itself only in love, without knowing how or why.2 And because at times the inflammation of love in the spirit grows very great, the longings for God become so strong in the soul that it seems its bones dry up in this thirst, its natural constitution withers, and its warmth and strength are wasted by the vividness of the thirst of love—for the soul feels that this thirst of love is living. David also (Ps. “My soul thirsted for the living God”; which is as much as to say: the thirst my soul had was living. And this thirst, because it is living, we can say kills with thirst. But it should be noted that the vehemence of this thirst isn't continuous, but only occurs at times—though ordinarily some thirst is usually felt. 2. But it should be noted that, as I began to say, this love is usually not felt at the start—only the dryness and emptiness we've been discussing. Instead of the love that later begins to kindle, the soul carries through those dry spells and emptyings of its faculties a steady care and concern for God, along with grief and anxiety that it isn't serving Him. It is no small or unwelcome sacrifice to God to see the spirit troubled and intent on His love (Ps. 50:19). 50:19.3 That secret contemplation places this concern and care in the soul until, after a time, having somewhat purged the sense—that is, the sensory part—of natural powers and affections by means of the drynesses it lays on it, it is already kindling this divine love in the spirit. But in the meantime, after all, like someone put under treatment, everything is suffering in this dark and dry purgation of the appetite—being healed of many imperfections and trained in many virtues so as to become capable of that love, as will now be said on the following verse:4

The Happy Fortune of the Dark Night

The soul recognizes the profound benefits of the night, viewing its trials as a blessed path toward union with God.

Oh, happy fortune! 3. Since God places the soul in this night of the senses in order to purge the sense of the lower part, adapt it, subject it, and unite it with the spirit—darkening it and making it cease from discursive thinking—just as later, in order to purify the spirit so as to unite it with God (as will be said later), He places it in the spiritual night: the soul gains so many benefits, though it does not seem so to her, that she counts it a happy fortune to have left the snare and opening of the sense of the lower part through this blessed night.56 So the verse says: Oh, happy fortune! It is fitting here to note the benefits the soul finds in this night, for which she considers it a good fortune to pass through it. The soul summarizes all these benefits in the following verse: I went out unnoticed. 4. This going out is understood as release from the subjection the soul had to the sensory part when seeking God through operations as weak, as limited, and as full of occasion for stumbling as those of this lower part always are; for at every step it stumbled into a thousand imperfections and ignorances, as we noted above about the seven capital vices—from all of which it is set free when this night extinguishes in it every delight from above and from below, darkens all its reasonings, and works in it countless other goods in the gaining of the virtues, as we will now explain.78 It will be sweet and deeply consoling for anyone walking this path to see how something that seems so harsh and adverse to the soul—and so contrary to spiritual delight—can work such good within it. These goods, as we say, are gained when, by means of this night, the soul goes out—in affection and in action—from all created things and walks toward the eternal ones. That is a great happiness and good fortune: first, because of the great good it is to quench appetite and affection for all things; second, because very few endure and persevere in entering through this narrow gate and along the narrow road that leads to life, as our Savior says (Mt. 7:14). For the narrow gate is this night of the sense, of which the soul strips and bares itself in order to enter it, uniting itself in faith—which is foreign to all sense—so that it may afterward walk the narrow road, which is the other night of the spirit, into which the soul later enters in order to walk toward God in pure faith, which is the means by which the soul is united with God.9 Because that road is so narrow, dark, and terrible—the darkness and trials of that night are incomparable to this night of the senses, as we will discuss later—far fewer people walk it, yet its benefits are incomparably greater than those of this first night. We will now begin to describe some of these benefits as briefly as possible, so that we may move on to the other night.

Read the original Latin

Decláranse los tres versos de la canción

1. La cual inflamación de amor, aunque comúnmente a los principios no se siente, por no haber uviado o comenzado a emprenderse por la impureza del natural, o por no le dar lugar pacífico en sí el alma por no entenderse, como habemos dicho (aunque, a veces, sin eso y con eso comienza luego a sentirse alguna ansia de Dios), cuanto más va, más se va viendo el alma aficionada e inflamada en amor de Dios, sin saber ni entender cómo y de dónde le nace el tal amor y afición, sino que ve crecer tanto en sí a veces esta llama e inflamación, que con ansias de amor desea a Dios, según David estando en esta noche, lo dice de sí por estas palabras (Sal. 72, 21-22), es a saber: Porque se inflamó mi corazón, es a saber en amor de contemplación, también mis renes se mudaron, esto es, mis apetitos de afecciones sensitivas se mudaron, es a saber, de la vida sensitiva a la espiritual, que es la sequedad y cesación en todos ellos que vamos diciendo; y yo, dice, fui resuelto en nada y aniquilado, y no supe; porque, como habemos dicho, sin saber el alma por dónde va, se ve aniquilada acerca de todas las cosas de arriba y de abajo que solía gustar, y sólo se ve enamorada sin saber cómo y por qué. Y, porque a veces crece mucho la inflamación de amor en el espíritu, son las ansias por Dios tan grandes en el alma, que parece se le secan los huesos en esta sed, y se marchita el natural, y se estraga su calor y fuerza por la viveza de la sed de amor, porque siente el alma que es viva esta sed de amor. La cual también David (Sal. 41, 3) tenía y sentía, cuando dijo: Mi alma tuvo sed a Dios vivo; que es tanto como decir: Viva fue la sed que tuvo mi alma. La cual sed, por ser viva, podemos decir que mata de sed. Pero es de notar que la vehemencia de esta sed no es continua, sino algunas veces, aunque de ordinario suele sentir alguna sed.

2. Pero hase de advertir que, como aquí comencé a decir, que a los principios comúnmente no se siente este amor, sino la sequedad y vacío que vamos diciendo; y entonces, en lugar de este amor que después se va encendiendo, lo que trae el alma en medio de aquellas sequedades y vacíos de las potencias es un ordinario cuidado y solicitud de Dios, con pena y recelo de que no le sirve; que no es para Dios poco agradable sacrificio ver andar el espíritu contribulado y solícito por su amor (Sal. 50, 19). Esta solicitud y cuidado pone en el alma aquella secreta contemplación hasta que, por tiempo habiendo purgado algo el sentido, esto es, la parte sensitiva, de las fuerzas y aficiones naturales por medio de las sequedades que en ella pone, va ya encendiendo en el espíritu este amor divino. Pero entretanto, en fin, como el que está puesto en cura, todo es padecer en esta oscura y seca purgación del apetito, curándose de muchas imperfecciones e imponiéndose en muchas virtudes para hacerse capaz del dicho amor, como ahora se dirá sobre el verso siguiente:

¡Oh dichosa ventura!

3. Que por cuanto pone Dios el alma en esta noche sensitiva a fin de purgar el sentido de la parte inferior y acomodarle y sujetarle y unirle con el espíritu, oscureciéndole y haciéndole cesar acerca de los discursos, como también después, al fin de purificar el espíritu para unirle con Dios, como después se dirá, le pone en la noche espiritual, gana el alma, aunque a ella no se lo parece, tantos provechos, que tiene por dichosa ventura haber salido del lazo y apertura del sentido de la parte inferior por esta dicha noche. Dice el presente verso, es a saber; ¡oh dichosa ventura! Acerca de la cual nos conviene aquí notar los provechos que halla en esta noche el alma, por causa de los cuales tiene por buena ventura pasar por ella. Todos los cuales provechos encierra el alma en el siguiente verso, es a saber;

Salí sin ser notada.

4. La cual salida se entiende de la sujeción que tenía el alma a la parte sensitiva en buscar a Dios por operaciones tan flacas, tan limitadas y tan ocasionadas como las de esta parte inferior son; pues que a cada paso tropezaba con mil imperfecciones e ignorancias, como habemos notado arriba en los siete vicios capitales, de todos los cuales se libra, apagándole esta noche todos los gustos de arriba y de abajo, y oscureciéndole todos los discursos, y haciéndole otros innumerables bienes en la ganancia de las virtudes, como ahora diremos. Que será cosa gustosa y de gran consuelo para el que por aquí camina, ver cómo cosa que tan áspera y adversa parece al alma y tan contraria al gusto espiritual, obra tantos bienes en ella.

Los cuales, como decimos, se consigue en salir el alma según la afección y operación, por medio de esta noche, de todas las cosas criadas, y caminar a las eternas, que es grande dicha y ventura: lo uno, por el grande bien que es apagar el apetito y afección acerca de todas las cosas; lo otro, por ser muy pocos los que sufren y perseveran en entrar por esta puerta angosta, y por el camino estrecho que guía a la vida, como dice nuestro Salvador (Mt. 7, 14). Porque la angosta puerta es esta noche del sentido, del cual se despoja y desnuda el alma para entrar en ella, juntándose en fe, que es ajena de todo sentido, para caminar después por el camino estrecho, que es la otra noche de espíritu, en que después entra el alma para caminar a Dios en pura fe, que es el medio por donde el alma se une con Dios. Por el cual camino, por ser tan estrecho, oscuro y terrible (que no hay comparación de esta noche de sentido a la oscuridad y trabajos de aquélla, como diremos allí), son muchos menos los que caminan por él, pero son sus provechos sin comparación mucho mayores que los de ésta. De los cuales comenzaremos ahora a decir algo, con la brevedad que se pudiere, por pasar a la otra noche.

Scripture echoes

  1. Ps.51.17Lord, open my lips, and my mouth will declare your praise.

Notes

  1. 1Archaic/rare uviado is taken as parallel to comenzado a emprenderse: kindled / begun to take hold of the soul.
  2. 2Renes keeps the biblical image (reins/inmost parts) of the Psalm wording that San Juan then glosses as sense-appetites and affections.
  3. 3Citation continues from the previous sentence: Spanish Sal. 50, 19 (Vulgate). Often corresponding English Ps 51:17; final resolution belongs to Moses/scripture stage.
  4. 4"imponiéndose en muchas virtudes": rendered as being trained/established in many virtues (spiritual formation under purgation), not mere self-imposition by effort alone.
  5. 5"noche sensitiva" is San Juan’s technical term for the purgative dark night of the senses (as distinct from the later noche espiritual). "discursos" here means discursive acts of the intellect/meditation, not mere conversation.
  6. 6"lazo y apertura del sentido": rendered literally as "snare and opening" of the lower sense-faculty; "apertura" may also be heard as the sense’s exposed, unguarded openness to creatures.
  7. 7"ocasionadas" here means operations of the lower/sensory part that continually give occasion for imperfection and error, not merely "occasional" in the modern sense.
  8. 8"discursos" is the soul's discursive reasonings/meditations (not spoken discourse). "gustos de arriba y de abajo" are spiritual consolations and sensory delights respectively.
  9. 9In Sanjuanist usage, 'sentido' is the sensory/sensitive part of the soul, not merely one of the five senses; 'noche del sentido' and 'noche de espíritu' are technical terms for the two nights.

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