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← Arbre de filosofia d'amor (Tree of the Philosophy of Love)/Book 1 · Arbre de filosofia d'amor
Chapter 92LlullArbreAmor.1.92

2. De les obres de Deu e de sa amor

The Beloved's Inner Work

The Friend asks about the Beloved's natural, essential activity within Himself, and Love explains that His dignities are never idle but eternally active in bonification, magnification, and loving.

Question. "Love," said the Friend, "does my Beloved have natural activity in Himself?"1 "Friend," said Love, "if your Beloved didn't have natural activity in Himself, His dignities would be idle; and through the idleness of those dignities there would be in Him evil and the privation of a great good—virtue, power, understanding, and loving—which is impossible."23 2. "Love," said the Friend, "what is the work of my Beloved that he has in himself?" "Friend," said Love, "it is infinite and eternal bonification, magnification, duration, possibilification, understanding, loving, and the other acts of his dignities."45 3. Love, what is the work that my beloved has within himself? Friend, Love said: the work of your beloved, which he has within himself, is of himself, just as his loving is of him, who is loving and lovable.6 4. "Love," said the Friend, "why does the Beloved have work within himself?" "Friend," said Love, "the Beloved has work within himself so that in himself and through himself he may have perfection; for nothing can be full or complete without operation, for it is more to be and to act than merely to be."7 5. Love, how great is the work of my Beloved? Friend, there is no quantity in the work of your Beloved, because it is infinite and eternal, and in infinity and eternity there can be no quantity. 6. Love, of what kind is my beloved's work?8 Friend, your beloved's work is good, infinite, eternal, powerful, wise, loving, virtuous, true, and glorious.9 7. Love, when was the work that my Beloved has in himself? Friend, Love said: the work of your Beloved was, is, and will be in eternity, which has neither beginning nor end.✦ 8. Love, where is the work of my Beloved? Friend, Love said: the work of your Beloved is in his infinity, eternity, goodness, power, and the rest.10 9. Love, how is the work of my Beloved? Friend, the work of your Beloved is by way of making good, magnifying, eternalizing, empowering, understanding, and loving.11 10. Love, the Beloved.12 What does he make good, magnify, eternalize, make powerful, understand, and love in himself?13 Friend, your Beloved in himself makes good, magnifies, eternalizes, and makes powerful his understanding and loving, and he understands and loves himself and his making good, magnifying, eternalizing, and making powerful.14 11.15 Love, with what does the Beloved make good his magnifying, eternalizing, and the others? And with what does he understand and love himself and his work? Friend, your Beloved, with his making good and his goodness, makes good his greatness and his magnifying, and the others; and with his magnifying and greatness he magnifies his goodness and his making good, and the others; and with his intellect and understanding he understands himself and his work; and it is the same with his love and loving, with which he loves himself and his work.16 12. Love, is the work of my Beloved equal in every way? That is to say, that it is as great as he himself, and that his good-making is as great as his goodness and his greatness and magnifying, and likewise with the others.17 Friend, if the work of your Beloved were not great in every way, there would be greater and lesser in him, and greatness and magnifying, goodness and good-making, would fail in him; and the others; which is impossible.1819

Creation as Mirror of the Beloved

The Friend turns to the Beloved's work in creatures, and Love teaches that creation from nothing manifests His power and that the world is a mirror of His inner work.

After the Friend asked Love about the natural and essential work the Beloved has within himself, he wanted to ask about the work the Beloved has in creatures. 13. Love, did the Beloved create the world, or has the world always existed?20 Friend, said Love: more powerful is the one who can make something from something and from nothing than the one who can make another thing from something and who cannot make anything from nothing; and since your Beloved has infinite power, he can make from nothing and create the world, and he makes in the world2122 one23 thing from another; for this reason, it is fitting that the world be created and made by your Beloved from nothing. 14. Love, what is creation? Friend, creation is an act that makes something out of nothing. 15. Love, of what is creation? Friend, said Love: creation is of the action the Creator has upon that creature which he creates from nothing.24 16. Love, why is there creation? Friend, creation is so that the world and the creatures may be mirror and image of the work the Beloved has in himself, so that it may be known, loved, and praised by the angels and by humankind.✦25 17. Love, how great is creation? Friend, creation is as great as the action the Beloved has in the creature, and as the passion the creature has when it is created from nothing.26 18.27 Love, what kind of thing is creation? Friend, Love said: creation is a good and great action that the Beloved has in the creature, and it is a good and great passion that the creature has through the Beloved. 19. Love, when did creation happen? Friend, Love said: creation happened when God created the time in which creation began. 20. Love, why wasn't creation earlier? Friend, said Love: just as place cannot be absolutely prior to place, so time cannot be prior to its own prior; and for that reason the creation of the world cannot be prior to its own prior.2829 21. Love, where was creation? Friend, creation was in itself, just as a whole is in its parts. Time was created in place, and place in time; time and place were in the beginning, and the beginning was in time and in place. The goodness of the world was in its greatness, and the greatness of the world in its goodness. It is the same with the other parts of the world, which were created within one another, with the whole world in its first parts, and its first parts in it.30 22. Love, how did God create the world? Friend, Love said: the Beloved created the world through the act of creating.31 one32 part into another, just as a man who has a way of mixing wine and water when he puts the one33 into the other. 23. Love, with what did the Beloved create the world? Friend, said Love: the Beloved created the world with himself and with his dignities; for with the being that he has, he gave it being, and with his goodness he created it good, and with his greatness he made it great, and with his eternity he made it lasting, and with his power he gave it power, and with his wisdom he created it intelligent, and with his will he willed that it be created; and so with the others.3435

Sustaining and Acting in the World

The Friend inquires about the Beloved's ongoing operation in the world, and Love distinguishes natural and miraculous works, and how God acts in man both with and without a medium.

Once again the Friend wanted to ask questions and inquire of Love about the Beloved's work, which He has in the world as He does36 One37 thing with another. 24. "Love," said the Friend, "does the Beloved have any activity in the world?" Friend, if the Beloved had no activity in the world, the world could not sustain itself, and it would return to nothing—for just as through the Beloved's action the world came into being, so through His action it is sustained in existence. 25. Love, what is the work that the Beloved has in the world? Friend, the work that the Beloved has in the world is an action that makes one38 thing from another: for just as the blacksmith makes the iron nail, God naturally makes that39 one40 man make another, and one41 one tree another, and He works artificially so that the blacksmith makes the nail from iron.42 26. Love, what is that work that the Beloved has in the world? Friend, the work the Beloved has in the world comes from the works he has within himself; for his goodness, by its good-making, makes good the good works that men and the other creatures do, and his greatness and his magnifying magnify them; and likewise of the others.43 27. Love, why does the Beloved have work in the world? Friend, the Beloved has work in the world so that the parts of the world can act naturally and artificially. For by the Beloved's power they can have power to act, and by the Beloved's wisdom they have a natural instinct to act, and by the Beloved's will they have an appetite to act, and by his virtue they have virtue to act, and by his goodness they have goodness to act, and likewise for the others. And therefore the order the Beloved has within himself orders the creatures to act.4445 28. Love, how many ways does the Beloved work in the world? Friend, Love said: the Beloved has two ways of working in the world; the first is according to the natural course; the other is by miracle and above the course of nature.46 The one that follows the natural course is like the Beloved making the sun heat the fire, which heats naturally, and making a human being naturally beget another human being; and the work done miraculously is what he does in the crippled he heals, and in the people he raises from the dead; and so it is with the other things. 29. Love, what kind of work is the one God has in the fire that burns the wood, and in the crippled man he heals? Friend, said Love: the work God has in the fire that burns the wood is in two ways. The first is when God's power, without any intermediary, moves the power of the fire that burns the wood, and this work is not natural; and the other is when God, through the power of the sun, moves the power of the fire that burns the wood, and this is a natural work, because it is through an intermediary. The other is the work the Beloved does above nature when he heals the crippled; for by his will he wills them to be healed, and they are healed, because that is what the Beloved wills. 30. Love, how much work does the Beloved have in man? Friend, the Beloved always has work in the just man both with a medium and without a medium: with a medium, insofar as He makes him do47 one48 good with another; without a medium, insofar as by Himself He moves him to do good. But when a person sins, then God has no work in that person without a medium—only with a medium: He does not have work in him without a medium, because He does not move him to do evil, since God is good, and by His goodness He cannot move him to evil; but He moves him with a medium to do natural work, insofar as He makes him live, and with His power He gives him power to walk, to speak, to see, to will; and likewise with the other natural accidents.49 31. Love, where is the work that the Beloved has in a human being? Friend, said Love: the work that the Beloved has in a human being is in the human being and in his parts, and it is in the Beloved and in His dignities; just as the work the blacksmith has in making the nail is in the soul and in the imagination, will, and understanding of the blacksmith, and is in the movement of the hand, the hammer, and the nail. 32. Love, how does the Beloved work in a human being? In two ways, of which we have already spoken: the first. One is natural; the other is artificial.50 The natural way is like when the Beloved makes him see with his eyes, hear with his ears, and understand with his intellect, and similarly with his other natural faculties; the other way is when He makes him see, hear, and understand through His divine power, virtue, wisdom, and will, and His other divine attributes.5152

The Fruit of Love

The Friend asks about the resurrection and the fruit of love, and Love explains that the Beloved's work culminates in a fruit that satisfies desire, gathered through good works and devotion.

33. Love, with what will the Beloved raise human beings on the day of judgment? Friend, the Beloved will raise human beings on the day of judgment by his dignities, without any other medium or natural body; for Wisdom will know all the parts of each person and will know where they are, and Power will join them together, and Will will will that they form the body of the one they belonged to while he lived in this world, and will will that the soul that was with that body in the world be with it in the other, and Goodness will make it good, and Greatness will magnify it; and likewise with the others. The Friend wanted once again to put questions to Love, and to ask about the Beloved's work, which is the fruit of love. 34. Love, is the Beloved's work the fruit of love? Friend, said Love: just as the Beloved's essence is the fruit of love's essence, so the Beloved's work is the fruit of love's work. That is what the greatness and goodness of the Beloved's work require—a work that is as great and as good in its effect on creatures as each creature's essence is great and good through the Beloved's essence.53 35. Love, what is the fruit of love? Friend, the fruit of love is the fulfillment that love has desired, and love is full and satisfied with it when it can obtain it.54 36. Love, what does the fruit of love come from? Friend said to Love: It comes from the work of love, which causes something to be loved and desired; and when that thing is possessed and attained, it comes from the work of the lover who loves through love.55 37. Love, why is there fruit of love? Friend, the fruit of love is so that the lover, loving, and the beloved may attain what they desire; for if there were no fruit of love, they would always desire and never attain what they desired, and they would have toil in desiring.56 38. Love, how many fruits of love are there? Friend, the fruits of love are57 two.58 :59 First.60 It is the one that belongs to the supreme Beloved, which He has in Himself; another is the one that the good angels and good men have in the supreme Beloved.61 39. Love, what kind of fruit does love bear?62 Friend, the fruit of love is sweet through goodness, greatness, duration, power, wisdom, will, virtue, truth, and glory; and it is good through goodness, great through greatness, and so on for the others.6364 40. Love, when is the fruit of love gathered? Friend, the fruit of love is gathered when the Beloved is loved by his Friend with goodness, greatness, duration, power, wisdom, will, virtue, and truth. 41. Love, where is the fruit of love? Friend, the fruit of love is found in loving the friend and the beloved, and in the goodness of the beloved, the friend, and others.65 42. Love, how is the fruit of love gathered? "Friend," said Love, "the fruit of love is gathered by making the remembering, understanding, and loving of the Beloved good, magnified, and lasting."66 43. Love, how is the fruit of love gathered? Friend, the fruit of love is gathered through good works, through good thinking, remembering, understanding, and loving, and by bearing hardships and adversities for love.

Read the original Catalan

Qüestió. Amor, dix lamic: mon amat, ha en sí metex obra natural? Amic, dix amor: si ton amat no avia cní mctex obra natural serien ses dignitats ocioses; per la ociositat de les quals, seria en él mal e privació de gran be vcrtut poder entendre e amar; la qual cosa es impossíbol.

2. Amor, dix lamic: la obra de mon amat, la qual ha en sí metex, què es? Amic, dix amor: es infinida e eternal bonificació magnificació duració possiíicació entendre amar, e los altres actus de les sues dignitats.

3. Amor, la obra que ha mon amat en sí metex, de que es? Amic, dix amor: lobra de ton amat, la qual ha en sí metex, es dél metex, axí com son amar qui es dél, qui es amatiu e amable.

4. Amor, dix lamic: lamat, per que ha en sí metex obra? Amic, dix amor: lamat ha en sí metex obra, per so que en sí metex e per sí metex aja perfecció; car neguna cosa pot ésser plena ni complida sens operació, car més es ésser e obrar, que ésser tan solament.

5. Amor, la obra de mon amat, quanta es? Amic, en la obra de ton amat no ha quantitat, car ela es infinida e eternal, e en infinitat e eternitat no pot ésser quantitat.

6. Amor, la obra de mon amat, quinya es? Amic,' la obra de ton amat es bona infinida eternal poderosa sàvia amorosa vertuosa vera e gloriosa.

7. Amor, la obra que en sí metex ha mon amat, quant fo? Amic, dix lamor: la obra de ton amat fo, es, e serà en eternitat, qui no ha comensament ni fi.

8. Amor, la obra de mon amat, on es? Amic, dix lamor: la obra de ton amat es en sa infinitat eternitat bontat poder, e les altres.

9. Amor, la obra de mon amat, còm es? Amic, la obra de ton amat es per manera de bonificar magnificar eternar possificar entendre e amar.

10. Amor, lamat. què bonifica magnifica eternifica possifica entén e ama en sí metex? Amic, ton amat en sí metex bonifica magnifica eternifica possifica son entendre e amar, e cntén e ama sí metex e son bonificar magnificar eternar possificar. 1 1. Amor, l amat ab que bonifica son magnificar eternar, e los altres? e ab que entén e ama sí metex e sa obra? Amic, ton amat ab son bonificar e bontat bonifica sa granea e son magnificar, e los altres, e ab son magnificar e granea magnifica sa bontat e son bonificar, e los altres, e ab son enteniment e entendre entén sí metex e sa obra; e aysò metex de sa amor e amar, ab qui ama sí metex e sa obra.

12. Amor, la obra de mon amat, es per totes maneres egual? ço es a saber, que sia aytan gran com él metex, e que sa bonificació sia aytan gran com sa bontat, e sa granea e magnificar, e enaxí de les altres. Amic, si la obra de ton amat no era per totes maneres gran, serien en él majoritat e menoritat, e defaliria en él granea e magnificar, bonea e bonificar; e les altres; la quaF cosa es impossíbol.

Con lamic hac demanat a lamor de la natural e essencial obra quel amat ha dedints sí metex, volc demanar de la obra que lamat ha en les creatures.

13. Amor, lamat ha lo mon creat, o es lo mon cternal? Amic, dix lamor: pus poderós es aquel qui pot de res e de no res fer alcuna cosa, que aquel qui pot fer de alcuna cosa altra cosa e qui no pot fer de no res ncguna cosa; e car ton amat ha infinit poder, pot fer de no res e crear lo mon, e fa en lo mon . j.» cosa d altra; e per aysò coven se que lo mon sia creat e sia fet, per ton amat, de no res.

14. Amor, què es creació? Amic, creació es operació qui fa de no res alcuna cosa.

15. Amor, de que es creació? Amic, dix lamor: creació es de la acció que ha lo creador sobre aquela creatura que crea de no res.

16. Amor, per que es creació? Amic, es creació per so que sia lo mon, e les creatures, espií e ymage de la obra que lamat ha en sí metex, per so que sia per los àngels e per los homes coneguda amada e loada.

17. Amor, quanta es creació? Amic, creació es aytanta com es la acció que ha lamat en la creatura, e la passió que ha la creatura con es creada de no res. 1 8. Amor, quinya cosa es creació? Amic, dix amor: creació es bona e gran acció que ha lamat en la creatura, e es bona e gran passió que ha la creatura per lamat.

19. Amor, quant fo creació? Amic, dix lamor: creació fo adones con Deus creà temps en qui fo comensada creació.

20. Amor, per que no fo enans creació? Amic, dix lamor: enaxí com loc no pot ésser enans que loc absoludament, enaxí temps no pot ésser enans que son enans; e per aysò la creació del mon no pot ésser enans que son enans.

21. Amor, on fo creació? Amic, creació fo en sí metexa, axí com tot qui es en ses parts, e temps qui fo creat en loc e loc en temps, e temps e loc en comensament e comensament en temps e en loc, e la bonea del mon en la granea del mon e la granea del mon en la bonea del mon; e enaxí de les altres parts del mon, qui foren creades les unes en les altres, e tot lo mon en ses parts primeres, e ses parts primeres en él.

22. Amor, còm creà Deus lo mon? Amic, dix lamor: lamat creà lo mon per manera de crear . j. part en altra, axí com lome qui ha manera de mesclar lo vi e laygua com met la . j. en lautre.

23. Amor, ab què creà lamat lo mon? Amic, dix lamor: lamat creà lo mon ab sí metex e ab ses dignitats; car ab l ésser que ha, li donà ésser, e ab sa bontat lo creà bo, e ab sa granea gran, e ab sa eternitat durable, e ab son poder li donà poder, e ab sa saviea lentes creat, e ab sa volentat volc que fos creat; e enaxí de les altres.

Altra vegada volc lamic fer qüestions e demanar a lamor de la obra del amat, la qual ha en lo mon con fa . j. cosa ab altra.

24. Amor, dix lamic: lamat, ha operació en lo mon? Amic, si lamat no avia operació en lo mon, nos poria lo mon sostenir, e tornaria a no res: car enaxí com per la acció de lamat es esdevengut lo mon en ésser, en axí per la sua acció es sostengut en ésser.

25. Amor, què es la obra quel amat ha en lo mon? Amic, la obra que lamat ha en lo mon es acció qui fa . j. cosa d altra: cor axí com lo ferrer fa lo clau de ferre, fa Deus naturalment que . j. home fassa altre, e . j.

arbre altre, e fa artificialment que lo ferrer fassa lo clau de ferre.

26. Amor, aquela obra que lamat ha en lo mon, de que es? Amic, la obra que lamat ha en lo mon es de les sues obres que ha dedints sí metex; car la sua bonea bonifica, ab son bonificar, les bones obres que fan los homens e les altres creatures, e la sua granea e son magnificar les magnifica; e enaxí de les altres.

27. Amor, lamat, per que ha obra en lo mon? Amic, lamat ha obra en lo mon per so que les parts del mon pusquen obrar naturalment e artificial; car ab lo poder de lamat poden aver poder a obrar, e ab la saviea de lamat an estint natural a obrar, e ab la volentat de lamat an apetit a obrar, e ab la vertut an vertut e ab la bontat an bontat a obrar, e enaxí de les altres; e per aysò lorde que lamat ha en sí, ordena les creatures a obrar.

28. Amor, l amat, quantes maneres ha d obrar en lo mon? Amic, dix lamor: lamat ha . ij. maneres dobrar en lo mon; la . j. es segons cors natural, lautre es segons miracle e sobre cors de natura. Aquela qui es segons cors natural, es axí com lamat qui al sol fa escalfar lo foc, qui escalfa naturalment, e al home fa engenrar naturalment home; e la obra qui es miraculosament es aquela que fa en los contrets que sana, e en los homes que ressuscita; e en axí de les altres coses.

29. Amor, quinya obra es aquela que Deus ha en lo foc qui crema la lenya, e en lome contret que sana? Amic, dix lamor: la obra que Deus ha en lo foc qui crema la lenya, es en . ij. maneres. La . j. es con lo poder de Deu, sens mijà, mou lo poder del foc qui crema la lenya, e aquesta obra no es natural; e autra es con Deus, ab lo poder del sol, mou lo poder del foc que crem la lenya, e aquesta es obra natural, per so car es ab mijà.

Lautra es la obra que ha sobre natura lamat con sana los contreits, car ab la volentat vol que sien sanats, e son sanats, pus que la volentat de lamat ho vol.

30. Amor, quant ha lamat obra en home? Amic, lamat ha tota ora obra en home just sens mijà e ab mijà: ab mijà, en quant li fa fer . j. be ab altre; sens mijà, en quant per sí metex lo mou a fer be. Mas con lo home fa peccat, adones Deus no ha obra en aquel home sens mijà, mas ab mijà: no la ha en ell sens mijà, car noi mou a fer mal, com sia Deus bo, e per la bontat noi pot moure a mal; mas mou lo ab mijà a fer obra natural, en quant lo fa viure ab vida, e ab son poder li dona poder danar, de parlar, de veer, de voler; e en axí dels altres accidents naturals.

31. Amor, on està la obra que ha lamat en home? Amic, dix lamor: la obra que lamat ha en home, està en home e en ses parts, e està en l amat e en ses dignitats; axí com la obra que l ferrer ha en fer lo clau, qui està en la nnà e en la ymaginació e volentat e enteniment del ferrer,2 e està en lo moviment de la mà, martel e del clau. 32- Amor, còm obra lamat en home? En . ij. maneres, de les quals avem ja parlat: la . j.

es natural, lautra es artificial. La natural es axí com lamat qui falo veer ab sos uyls, e oir ab ses oreyles, e lo fa entendre ab son enteniment, e en axí de los altres accidents naturals; lautra es con lo fa veer oir entendre ab son poder devinal e ab sa divina vertut saviea e volentat, e les altres sues divines dignitats.

33. Amor, ab que ressuscitarà lamat, al dia del judici, los homes? Amic, lamat resuscitarà los homes al dia del judici ab ses dignitats, sens altre mejà e cors natural; car la saviea sabrà totes les parts de cascú home, e sabrà lo loc on son, e lo poder les ajustarà, e la volentat volrà que fassen lo cors de qui foren dementre que vivia en est mon, e volrà que l ànima que era ab aquel cors en lo mon, sia ab él en lautre, e la bonea ho boniíicarà, e la granea ho magnificarà; e en axí de les altres.

Fer volc lamic altra vegada qüestions a lamor, e demanar de la obra de lamat qui es fruyt damor.

34. Amor, la obra de lamat, es fruyt damor? Amic, dix lamor: en axí com la essència de lamat es fruyt de la essència damor, en axí la obra de lamat es fruyt de la obra damor; e asò vol la granea e bonea de la obra de lamat,qui es aitan gran e aitan bona en la obra que ha en les creatures, com es gran e bona la essència de cascuna creatura per la essència de lamat.

35. Amor, què es fruyt damor? Amic, fruyt damor es aquel compliment que ha desirat amor, e es dél plena e sadola con lo pot aver.

36. Amor, de que es fruyt d amor? Amic, dix amor: es d obra d amor, qui fa alcuna cosa ésser amada e desirada, e con es ahuda e conseguida, es de la obra que ha l amant qui ama per amor.

37. Amor, per que es fruit d amor? Amic, fruit d amor es per so que amant amar e amat aconseguesquen so que desiren; car si no era fruyt d amor, tota ora dcsirarien e no aconseguirien so que desirarien, e aurien trebayl en lo desirar.

38. Amor, quants son los fruits d amor? Amic, los fruits damor son . ij. : . j. es aquel qui es del subirà amat, lo qual ha en sí metex; altre es aquel que los bons àngels e bons homens an en lamat subirà.

39. Amor, quinh es lo fruyt damor? Amic, lo fruyt damor es dols per bontat granea duració poder saviea volentat vertut veritat glòria; e es bo per bonea, gran per granea, e les altres.

40. Amor, en qual temps se cuyl lo fruyt damor? Amic, lo fruyt damor se cuyl en aquel temps que lamat es amat per son amic ab bontat granea duració poder saviea volentat vertut e veritat.

41. Amor, on està lo fruyt damor? Amic, lo fruyt damor està en lamar de lamic e de lamat, e en la bonea de lamat e de lamic, e les altres.

42. Amor, còm se cuyl lo fruyt damor? Amic, dix lamor: lo fruyt damor se cuyl per bonificar magnificar durar de membrar entendre e amar lamat.

43. Amor, ab ques cuyl lo fruyt damor? Amic, lo fruyt damor se cuyl ab bones obres, bo cogitar membrar entendre e amar, e ab sostenir trebayls e aversitats per amor.

Scripture echoes

  1. ↩Rev.1.4 — John, to the seven churches that are in Asia: Grace to you and peace from the one who is and who was and who is to come, and from the seven spirits that are before his throne,
  2. ↩Gen.1.26-Gen.1.27 — Then God said, "Let us make man in our image, according to our likeness. And let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, over the birds of the air, over the livestock, over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creeps on the earth." Gen.1.27 — So God created man in His own image; in the image of God He created him; male and female He created them.

Notes

  1. 1 ↩Rendered Catalan obra natural as "natural activity" for Llull's immanent divine operation in God Himself; "natural work" would be a closer surface calque of obra.
  2. 2 ↩Corrupt OCR reading cní mctex corrected to en sí metex by parallel with s2 (en sí metex). Also corrected vcrtut→vertut, impossíbol→impossible, él→ell, avia→havia.
  3. 3 ↩Kept Llull's dignitats as "dignities" (divine attributes/perfections). The series vertut poder entendre e amar is taken as four coordinate goods/operations.
  4. 4 ↩Source form 'possiíicació' looks corrupt; rendered as 'possibilification' (Catalan possibilificació), the Llullian act of making-possible among the divine dignities.
  5. 5 ↩bonificació / magnificació / duració / possibilificació are kept as technical Llullian dignity-acts (making-good, making-great, enduring, making-possible), not flattened into ordinary English paraphrases.
  6. 6 ↩Catalan amatiu e amable are Llullian technical terms for the beloved as both loving (the subject who loves) and lovable (the object worthy of love).
  7. 7 ↩Catalan obra / operació / obrar: rendered as work / operation / to act, preserving Llull's distinction between the Beloved's inner work and the claim that fullness requires operation.
  8. 8 ↩Old Catalan quinya (modern quina) asks after kind/quality, parallel to the previous section's quanta (how great/how much).
  9. 9 ↩Normalized source has a stray apostrophe after Amic; read as the vocative Amic, matching the dialogue pattern in neighboring sections.
  10. 10 ↩Catalan 'les altres' ('the others') points to the remaining Lullian divine dignities beyond the four named (infinity, eternity, goodness, power).
  11. 11 ↩Llull's technical acts of the divine dignities (goodness, greatness, eternity, power, intellect, love). Kept as an action-chain rather than paraphrased into generic virtues.
  12. 12 ↩Source writes "lamat" without apostrophe; read as "l'amat" (the Beloved).
  13. 13 ↩Llullian technical verbs retained as make good / magnify / eternalize / make powerful (bonificar, magnificar, eternificar, possificar).
  14. 14 ↩Source "cntén" treated as corrupt for "entén" (understands), matching the surrounding verb set.
  15. 15 ↩Source numbering "1 1." read as section marker "11.", consistent with neighboring 10. and 12.
  16. 16 ↩Retains Llull's correlative pairing of habit/faculty and act (bontat/bonificar, granea/magnificar, enteniment/entendre, amor/amar).
  17. 17 ↩Keeps Llull's technical verbal nouns as 'good-making' (bonificació) and 'magnifying' (magnificar), rather than paraphrasing them into ordinary verbs.
  18. 18 ↩Reading 'quaF' as 'qual' in 'la qual cosa' ('which thing').
  19. 19 ↩Rendered as degrees of greater and lesser in God, not political majority/minority.
  20. 20 ↩Reading 'cternal' as 'eternal' (OCR/typographic corruption).
  21. 21 ↩Reading 'ncguna' as 'neguna' ('no / any' in a negative clause).
  22. 22 ↩Sentence is cut mid-clause before the continuation in s4–s5; continuous witness sense is 'e fa en lo mon .j. cosa d altra'.
  23. 23 ↩Corrupt fragment of medieval numeral abbreviation '.j.' (= una, 'one'), with a stray closing quote mark; continuous sense with s3/s5 is 'makes in the world one thing from another'.
  24. 24 ↩Keeps the same 'de' frame as the question 'de que es creació?': creation is constituted by the Creator's action upon the creature made from nothing, not a material composition.
  25. 25 ↩Source reads espií. Rendered as mirror, taking the most plausible Llullian reading espill (mirror), which commonly pairs with ymage; a surface reading as spirit (esperit) is less likely here, since the world and creatures are said to reflect the Beloved's inner work.
  26. 26 ↩In Llull's scholastic pairing, acció/passió means active doing and being acted upon, not emotional passion.
  27. 27 ↩Normalized reading treats spaced source '1 8.' as section number 18.
  28. 28 ↩Catalan "son enans" ("its before/prior") is kept as the technical "its own prior": the earlierness that belongs to time or to creation itself, not a moment outside it.
  29. 29 ↩Source "absoludament" read as "absolutament" (absolutely).
  30. 30 ↩Old Catalan 'en sí metexa' answers the locative question 'on fo': creation was 'in itself,' i.e. co-inherent as a whole in its parts, not spatially elsewhere.
  31. 31 ↩"per manera de crear" rendered as "by way of creating" (mode/manner of creation). The following sentence fragments continue the thought as creating one part in another.
  32. 32 ↩Standalone "j." is read as medieval roman numeral .j. (= "one"/"i"), most plausibly continuing "crear .j. part en altra" = "creating one part in another".
  33. 33 ↩Standalone "j." read as medieval roman numeral .j. (= "one"), completing "met la .j. en lautre" = "puts the one into the other".
  34. 34 ↩Catalan dignitats rendered as the Llullian technical term "dignities" (divine attributes such as being, goodness, greatness, eternity, power, wisdom, and will).
  35. 35 ↩Source reading "lentes creat" after "ab sa saviea" is likely corrupt for "l'entès creat" / "l'entes creat" (created it intelligent/understanding), parallel to the other attribute→effect pairs; translated on that reading.
  36. 36 ↩Reading Catalan "con" as "com" ("as/how"), the usual form in this chapter's idiom.
  37. 37 ↩In this edition ".j." is the Roman numeral used for Catalan "un/una" ("one"), as elsewhere in the chapter (e.g. "crear .j. part en altra"; "fa .j. cosa d altra").
  38. 38 ↩Standalone "j." is read as the medieval roman numeral .j. (= "one"/"un"), continuing "fa .j. cosa d altra" = "makes one thing from another", as elsewhere in this chapter.
  39. 39 ↩"cosa d altra" read as "cosa d'altra" (one thing from another), parallel to but distinct from "cosa ab altra" (one thing with another) in 1.92.23.
  40. 40 ↩Standalone "j." read as medieval roman numeral .j. (= "one"), completing "que .j. home fassa altre" = "that one man make another".
  41. 41 ↩Standalone "j." read as medieval roman numeral .j. (= "one"), beginning "e .j. arbre altre" = "and one other tree / and one tree another", completed in the following section.
  42. 42 ↩Continuation fragment of the previous section’s thought: God naturally causes one human to make another and one tree another, and artificially causes the blacksmith to make the iron nail. Subject of ‘fa artificialment’ is Deus carried over from LlullArbreAmor.1.92.25.
  43. 43 ↩Llull's paired dignity-and-act language (bonea/bonificar; granea/magnificar) is kept as goodness/good-making and greatness/magnifying; 'enaxí de les altres' points to the remaining divine dignities operating in the same way.
  44. 44 ↩Catalan 'artificial' (paired with 'naturalment') means by art/craft, as in the blacksmith example nearby (1.92.26), not 'fake' or unreal.
  45. 45 ↩Llull's dignity-participation chain (poder/saviea/volentat/vertut/bontat) is kept as power/wisdom/will/virtue/goodness; 'e enaxí de les altres' points to the remaining divine dignities working the same way.
  46. 46 ↩Old Catalan cors can mean 'body' or 'course'; rendered as 'course' to match the scholastic contrast with miracle (supra cursum naturae), confirmed by the neighboring section's natural/with-medium vs. non-natural/without-medium distinction.
  47. 47 ↩mijà rendered as 'medium' (immediate vs. mediate operation), matching Llull's scholastic contrast of sens mijà / ab mijà.
  48. 48 ↩j. treated as the roman numeral 'one' continuing 'li fa fer … be ab altre' across the print split.
  49. 49 ↩danar read as d'anar ('to walk/go'). accidents naturals kept as Aristotelian 'natural accidents' (natural powers/properties).
  50. 50 ↩Continues the previous section's 'the first [way]…'. Here 'artificial' is the medieval natural/art contrast (by divine art or agency), not 'fake'.
  51. 51 ↩Reading 'falo veer' as 'fa lo veer' (makes him see), and 'con' as 'com' (as/when).
  52. 52 ↩'Accidents naturals' kept as scholastic 'natural accidents' (non-essential natural powers/operations). Llullian 'dignitats' rendered as 'dignities' (divine attributes).
  53. 53 ↩Catalan 'vol' (from voler) here taken as 'require/will' in the Llullian sense that the greatness and goodness of the Beloved's work call for this essence–work correspondence; less likely as a bare 'means'.
  54. 54 ↩Medieval Catalan 'compliment' rendered as 'fulfillment' (completion/perfecting of desire), not modern English 'compliment' (praise).
  55. 55 ↩Rendered 'dix amor' as Friend speaking to Love, matching the Amor-asks / Amic-answers pattern of the neighboring sections; the surface could also be read as a narrative tag 'said Love'.
  56. 56 ↩Normalized source has 'dcsirarien'; read as 'desirarien'.
  57. 57 ↩Segment ends mid-clause; continuous witness reads 'Amic, los fruits damor son .ij.:' ('Friend, the fruits of love are two:'). The count was split into the following sentence refs.
  58. 58 ↩Catalan '.ij.' is the Roman numeral 2; continuous witness attaches it to s3 as the count of love's fruits.
  59. 59 ↩Punctuation-only residue from continuous '.ij.: .j.'; no lexical content.
  60. 60 ↩Catalan '.j.' is the Roman numeral 1 introducing the first fruit in the continuous enumeration.
  61. 61 ↩'subirà amat' rendered as 'supreme Beloved' (Llull's sobirà amat for God). 'sí metex' = Himself.
  62. 62 ↩Old Catalan quinh = modern quin (‘which / of what kind’).
  63. 63 ↩dols read as dolç (‘sweet’), not dols (‘griefs’); the following list of positive dignities requires the sweet reading.
  64. 64 ↩e les altres is elliptical: the fruit is correspondingly characterized by each remaining dignity (duration through duration, power through power, and so on).
  65. 65 ↩Catalan e les altres is elliptical: in context it points to the remaining dignities named just before (greatness, duration, power, wisdom, will, virtue, and truth), not only to goodness.
  66. 66 ↩Catalan stacks Llull's correlative acts without commas: 'bonificar magnificar durar de membrar entendre e amar lamat'. Rendered as making good, magnifying, and making lasting applied to remembering, understanding, and loving the Beloved; 'de' may also be read more loosely as 'through' those faculties.

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